PEERAGES
Last updated 20/10/2018 (7 Mar 2024)
Date	Rank	Order	Name	Born	Died	Age
CABLE
17 Jan 1921 to     28 Mar 192	B	1	Sir Ernest Cable Created Baron Cable 17 Jan 1921 Peerage extinct on his death	1 Dec 1859	28 Mar 1927	67
CACCIA
11 May 1965 to     31 Oct 1990	B[L]		Sir Harold Anthony Caccia Created Baron Caccia for life 11 May 1965 Peerage extinct on his death	21 Dec 1905	31 Oct 1990	84
CADMAN
7 Jun 1937	B	1	Sir John Cadman Created Baron Cadman 7 Jun 1937	7 Sep 1877	31 May 1941	63
31 May 1941		2	John Basil Cope Cadman	23 Mar 1909	5 Apr 1966	57
5 Apr 1966		3	John Anthony Cadman	3 Jul 1938
CADOGAN
21 Jun 1716 8 May 1718 to     17 Jul 1726	B E	1 1	William Cadogan Created Baron Cadogan of Reading 21 Jun 1716 and Baron Cadogan of Oakley, Viscount Caversham and Earl Cadogan 8 May 1718 The Barony of 1718 contained a special remainder failing the heirs male of his body, to his brother Charles Cadogan MP for Woodstock 1705‑1716; PC 1717; KT 1716 On his death the Barony of 1716 and the Earldom and Viscountcy of 1718 became extinct, while the Barony of 1718 passed to -	1672	17 Jul 1726	54
17 Jul 1726		2	Charles Cadogan MP for Reading 1716‑1722 and Newport (IOW) 1722‑1726	1685	24 Sep 1776	91
24 Sep 1776 27 Dec 1800	E	3 1	Charles Sloane Cadogan Created Viscount Chelsea and Earl Cadogan 27 Dec 1800 MP for Cambridge 1749‑1754 and 1755‑1776; Master of the Mint 1769‑1784	29 Sep 1728	3 Apr 1807	78
3 Apr 1807		2	Charles Henry Sloane Cadogan	29 Nov 1749	23 Dec 1832	83
23 Dec 1832		3	George Cadogan Created Baron Oakley of Caversham 10 Sep 1831	5 May 1783	15 Sep 1864	81
15 Sep 1864		4	Henry Charles Cadogan MP for Reading 1841‑1847 and Dover 1852‑1857; PC 1866	15 Feb 1812	8 Jun 1873	61
8 Jun 1873		5	George Henry Cadogan MP for Bath 1873; Lord Privy Seal 1886‑1892; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1895‑1902; PC 1885; KG 1891	12 May 1840	6 Mar 1915	74
6 Mar 1915		6	Gerald Oakley Cadogan	28 May 1869	4 Oct 1933	64
4 Oct 1933		7	William Gerald Charles Cadogan	13 Feb 1914	4 Jul 1997	83
4 Jul 1997		8	Charles Gerald John Cadogan	24 Mar 1937	11 Jun 2023	86
11 Jun 2023		9	Edward Charles Cadogan	10 May 1966
CAHER
10 Nov 1543	B[I]	1	Sir Thomas Butler Created Baron Caher 10 Nov 1543		1558
1558 to     1560		2	Edmund Butler Peerage extinct on his death		1560
6 May 1583	B[I]	1	Sir Theobald Butler Created Baron of Cahir 6 May 1583		28 Apr 1596
28 Apr 1596		2	Thomas Butler	1568	31 Jan 1627	58
31 Jan 1627		3	Thomas Butler		1648
1648		4	Pierce Butler		30 Jan 1676
30 Jan 1676		5	Theobald Butler		27 Sep 1700
27 Sep 1700		6	Thomas Butler		29 May 1744
29 May 1744		7	James Butler	1 Aug 1711	6 Jun 1786	74
6 Jun 1786		8	Pierce Butler	by 1727	10 Jun 1788
10 Jun 1788		9	James Butler		Jul 1788
Jul 1788	V[I]	10 1	Richard Butler Created Viscount Caher and Earl of Glengall 22 Jan 1816	13 Nov 1775	30 Jan 1819	43
30 Jan 1819 to     22 Jan 185		11	Richard Butler, 2nd Earl of Glengall Peerages extinct on his death	17 May 1794	22 Jan 1858	63
CAILLY
4 Mar 1309 to     1316	B	1	Thomas de Cailly Summoned to Parliament as Lord de Cailly 4 Mar 1309 Peerage extinct on his death	c 1284	1316
CAINE
2 Sep 2016	B[L]		Jonathan Michael Caine Created Baron Caine for life 2 Sep 2016	11 Apr 1966
CAIRNS
27 Feb 1867 27 Sep 1878	B E	1 1	Hugh McCalmont Cairns Created Baron Cairns 27 Feb 1867, and Viscount Garmoyle and Earl Cairns 27 Sep 1878 MP for Belfast 1852‑1859 and 1865‑1866; Solicitor General 1858‑1859; Attorney General 1866; Lord Chancellor 1868 and 1874‑1880; PC 1866	27 Dec 1819	3 Apr 1885	65
3 Apr 1885		2	Arthur William Cairns	21 Dec 1861	14 Jan 1890	28
14 Jan 1890		3	Herbert John Cairns	17 Jul 1863	14 Jan 1905	41
14 Jan 1905		4	Wilfrid Dallas Cairns	28 Nov 1865	23 Oct 1946	80
23 Oct 1946		5	David Charles Cairns	3 Jul 1909	21 Mar 1989	79
21 Mar 1989		6	Simon Dallas Cairns	27 May 1939
CAITHNESS
c 1334 to     1335	E[S]	1	Malise, Earl of Stratherne He was styled Earl of Caithness c 1334 He was attainted and the peerage forfeited in 1335		by 1353
c 1375	E[S]	1	David Stewart Created Earl of Caithness by Nov 1375 Younger son of Robert II of Scotland		by 1389
by 1389		2	Euphemia Stewart She resigned her peerage, after 1390, in favour of -		after 1390
after 1390		3	Walter Stewart He resigned his peerage, c 1428, in favour of -		Apr 1437
c 1428		4	Alan Stewart		1431
1431 to     Apr 1437		5	Walter Stewart (again) He was executed for high treason and his peerage forfeited		Apr 1437
1452 to     after 1452	E[S]	1	Sir George Crichton Created Earl of Caithness 1452 He resigned the peerage shortly after		1455
28 Aug 1455	E[S]	1	William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney Created Lord Sinclair c 1449 and Earl of Caithness 28 Aug 1455		1476
1476		2	William Sinclair		9 Sep 1513
9 Sep 1513		3	John Sinclair		18 May 1529
18 May 1529		4	George Sinclair For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	by 1527	9 Sep 1582
9 Sep 1582		5	George Sinclair	1566	Feb 1643	76
Feb 1643		6	George Sinclair He resigned the peerage in favour of -		May 1676
1672		[1]	Sir John Campbell Created Lord St. Clair of Berriedale and Glenurchy, Viscount of Breadalbane and Earl of Caithness 28 Jun 1677 He in turn resigned the Earldom in favour of -	c 1635	19 Mar 1717
1681		7	George Sinclair		1698
1698		8	John Sinclair		1705
1705		9	Alexander Sinclair	1685	9 Dec 1765	80
9 Dec 1765		10	William Sinclair	2 Apr 1727	29 Nov 1779	52
29 Nov 1779		11	John Sinclair	1757	8 Apr 1789	31
8 Apr 1789		12	Sir James Sinclair, 7th baronet Lord Lieutenant Caithness 1794‑1823	31 Oct 1766	16 Jul 1823	56
16 Jul 1823		13	Alexander Campbell Sinclair Lord Lieutenant Caithness 1823‑1855	24 Jul 1790	24 Dec 1855	65
24 Dec 1855		14	James Sinclair Created Baron Barrogill 1 May 1866 Lord Lieutenant Caithness 1856‑1881	16 Aug 1821	28 Mar 1881	59
28 Mar 1881		15	George Philips Alexander Sinclair Lord Lieutenant Caithness 1881‑1889 For further information, see the note at the foot of this page	30 Nov 1858	25 May 1889	30
25 May 1889		16	James Augustus Sinclair	31 May 1827	20 Jan 1891	63
20 Jan 1891		17	John Sutherland Sinclair For further information, see the note at the foot of this page	17 Sep 1857	30 May 1914	56
30 May 1914		18	Norman Macleod Sinclair	4 Apr 1862	25 Mar 1947	84
25 Mar 1947		19	James Roderick Sinclair	29 Sep 1906	9 May 1965	58
9 May 1965		20	Malcolm Ian Sinclair PC 1990 [Elected hereditary peer 1999-]	3 Nov 1948
CALDECOTE
6 Sep 1939	V	1	Sir Thomas Walker Hobart Inskip Created Viscount Caldecote 6 Sep 1939 MP for Bristol Central 1918‑1929 and Fareham 1931‑1939; Solicitor General 1922‑1924, 1924‑1928 and 1931‑1932; Attorney General 1928‑1929 and 1932‑1936; Secretary of State for Dominions 1939 and 1940; Lord Chancellor 1939‑1940; Lord Chief Justice 1940‑1946; PC 1932	5 Mar 1876	11 Oct 1947	71
11 Oct 1947		2	Robert Andrew Inskip	8 Oct 1917	20 Sep 1999	81
20 Sep 1999		3	Piers James Hampden Inskip	20 May 1947
CALEDON
6 Jun 1790 23 Nov 1797 29 Dec 1800	B[I] V[I] E[I]	1 1 1	James Alexander Created Baron Caledon 6 Jun 1790, Viscount Caledon 23 Nov 1797 and Earl of Caledon 29 Dec 1800 MP [I] for Londonderry City 1775‑1790	1730	22 Mar 1802	71
22 Mar 1802		2	Du Pre Alexander MP [I] for Newtown(ards) 1800; Lord Lieutenant Tyrone 1831‑1839; Governor of the Cape of Good Hope 1807‑1811; KP 1821	14 Dec 1777	8 Apr 1839	61
8 Apr 1839		3	James Du Pre Alexander MP for Tyrone 1837‑1839	27 Jul 1812	30 Jun 1855	42
30 Jun 1855		4	James Alexander KP 1897	11 Jul 1846	27 Apr 1898	51
27 Apr 1898		5	Eric James Desmond Alexander	9 Aug 1885	10 Jul 1968	82
10 Jul 1968		6	Denis James Alexander	10 Nov 1920	20 May 1980	59
20 May 1980		7	Nicholas James Alexander Lord Lieutenant Armagh 1989-	6 May 1955
CALENDAR
6 Oct 1641	E[S]	1	James Livingston Created Lord Livingston of Almond 19 Jun 1633, and Lord Livingston and Almond and Earl of Calendar 6 Oct 1641		1672
1672		2	Alexander Livingston		Aug 1685
Aug 1685		3	Alexander Livingston		Dec 1692
Dec 1692 to     1716		4	James Livingston, 5th Earl of Linlithgow He was attainted and the peerages forfeited in 1716		25 Apr 1723
CALLAGHAN OF CARDIFF
5 Nov 1987 to     26 Mar 2005	B[L]		Leonard James Callaghan Created Baron Callaghan of Cardiff for life 5 Nov 1987 MP for Cardiff South 1945‑1950, Cardiff South East 1950‑1983 and Cardiff South & Penarth 1983‑1987; Chancellor of the Exchequer 1964‑1967; Home Secretary 1967‑1970; Secretary of State for Foreign & Commonwealth Affairs 1974‑1976; Prime Minister 1976‑1979; PC 1964; KG 1987 Peerage extinct on his death	27 Mar 1912	26 Mar 2005	92
CALLAN
7 Nov 1622	V[I]	1	George Feilding Created Baron Feilding and Viscount Callan 7 Nov 1622 He succeeded to the Earldom of Desmond in 1628		31 Jan 1665
4 Jun 1790 to     29 Oct 1815	B[I]	1	George Agar Created Baron Callan 4 Jun 1790 MP [I] for Callan 1776‑1790; PC [I] 1789 Peerage extinct on his death	18 Apr 1754	29 Oct 1815	61
CALLANAN
24 Sep 2014	B[L]		Martin John Callanan Created Baron Callanan for life 24 Sep 2014 MEP for North East England 1999‑2014	8 Aug 1961
CALNE AND CALSTON
6 Dec 1784	V	1	William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne Created Viscount Calne & Calston, Earl Wycombe and Marquess of Lansdowne 6 Dec 1784 See "Lansdowne	2 May 1737	7 May 1805	68
CALTHORPE
16 Jun 1796	B	1	Sir Henry Gough-Calthorpe, 2nd baronet Created Baron Calthorpe 16 Jun 1796 MP for Bramber 1774‑1796	1 Jan 1748	16 Mar 1798	50
16 Mar 1798		2	Charles Gough-Calthorpe	22 Mar 1786	5 Jun 1807	21
5 Jun 1807		3	George Gough-Calthorpe	22 Jun 1787	Sep 1851	64
Sep 1851		4	Frederick Gough MP for Hindon 1818‑1826 and Bramber 1826‑1831	14 Jun 1790	2 May 1868	77
2 May 1868		5	Frederick Henry William Gough‑Calthorpe MP for Worcestershire East 1859‑1868	24 Jul 1826	25 Jun 1893	66
25 Jun 1893		6	Augustus Cholmondeley Gough‑Calthorpe	8 Nov 1829	22 Jul 1910	80
22 Jul 1910		7	Somerset John Gough‑Calthorpe	23 Jan 1831	12 Nov 1912	81
12 Nov 1912		8	Somerset Frederick Gough‑Calthorpe	23 Dec 1862	6 Jul 1940	77
6 Jul 1940		9	Ronald Arthur Somerset Gough‑Calthorpe	22 Jun 1924	9 Oct 1945	21
9 Oct 1945 to     29 May 1997		10	Peter Waldo Somerset Gough‑Calthorpe Peerage extinct on his death	13 Jul 1927	29 May 1997	69
CALVERLEY
17 Nov 1945	B	1	George Muff Created Baron Calverley 17 Nov 1945 MP for Kingston upon Hull East 1929‑1931 and 1935‑1945	10 Feb 1877	20 Sep 1955	78
20 Sep 1955		2	George Raymond Orford Muff	1 May 1914	4 Jun 1971	57
4 Jun 1971		3	Charles Rodney Muff	2 Oct 1946
CAMBRIDGE
7 May 1340 to     c 1361	E	1	William of Juliers Created Earl of Cambridge 7 May 1340 The peerage was probably forfeited before his death	c 1299	Feb 1361
13 Nov 1362	E	1	Edward Plantagenet Created Earl of Cambridge 13 Nov 1362 and Duke of York 6 Aug 1385 Fifth son of Edward III	5 Jun 1344	1 Aug 1402	58
1 Aug 1402 to     c 1414		2	Edward Plantagenet, Duke of York He resigned the Earldom c 1414		25 Oct 1415
1 May 1414 to     5 Aug 1415	E	1	Richard Plantagenet Created Earl of Cambridge 1 May 1414 He was attainted and executed when the peerage was forfeited	c 1375	5 Aug 1415
c 1426		2	Richard Plantagenet Restored to the peerage c 1426	1412	31 Dec 1460
31 Dec 1460 to     4 Mar 1461		3	Edward Plantagenet, Duke of York He succeeded to the throne as Edward IV when the peerages merged with the Crown	28 Apr 1442	9 Apr 1483	40
16 Jun 1619	E	1	James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton Created Baron Ennerdale and Earl of Cambridge 16 Jun 1619	1589	2 Mar 1625	35
3 Mar 1625		2	James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton	19 Jun 1606	9 Mar 1649	42
9 Mar 1649 to     12 Sep 1651		3	William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton The Earldom became extinct on his death	14 Dec 1616	12 Sep 1651	34
13 May 1659 to     13 Sep 1660	E	1	Henry Stuart Created Earl of Cambridge and Duke of Gloucester 13 May 1659 Third son of Charles I Peerages extinct on his death	8 Jul 1640	13 Sep 1660	20
1660 to     5 May 1661	D	1	Charles Stuart Created Duke of Cambridge 1660 Eldest son of James II Peerage extinct on his death	22 Oct 1660	5 May 1661	-
23 Aug 1664 to     20 Jun 1667	D	1	James Stuart Created Baron of Dauntsey and Earl and Duke of Cambridge 23 Aug 1664 Second son of James II; KG 1666 Peerages extinct on his death	11 Jul 1663	20 Jun 1667	3
7 Oct 1667 to     8 Jun 1671	D	1	Edgar Stuart Created Baron of Dauntsey and Earl and Duke of Cambridge 7 Oct 1667 Fourth son of James II Peerages extinct on his death	14 Sep 1667	8 Jun 1671	3
1677 to     1677			Charles Stuart Designated Duke of Cambridge 1677 Fifth son of James II Peerage extinct on his death	7 Nov 1677	12 Dec 1677	-
9 Nov 1706 to     1727	D	1	George Augustus Created Baron of Tewkesbury, Viscount Northallerton, Earl of Milford Haven and Marquess and Duke of Cambridge 9 Nov 1706 He succeeded as George II in 1727 when the peerage merged with the Crown	30 Oct 1683	25 Oct 1760	76
27 Nov 1801	D	1	Adolphus Frederick Created Baron of Culloden, Earl of Tipperary and Duke of Cambridge 27 Nov 1801 Seventh and youngest son of George III. KG 1786	24 Feb 1774	8 Jul 1850	76
8 Jul 1850 to     17 Mar 1904		2	George William Frederick Charles KG 1835; KP 1851; KT 1881; PC 1856; PC [I] 1868 Peerages extinct on his death For further information on this peer and his morganatic marriage, see the note at the foot of this page	26 Mar 1819	17 Mar 1904	84
16 Jul 1917	M	1	Adolphus Charles Alexander Ladislaus Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus Cambridge Created Viscount Northallerton, Earl of Eltham and Marquess of Cambridge 16 Jul 1917	13 Aug 1868	24 Oct 1927	59
24 Oct 1927 to     16 Apr 1981		2	George Francis Hugh Cambridge Peerage extinct on his death	11 Oct 1895	16 Apr 1981	85
26 May 2011	D	1	HRH Prince William of Wales (William Arthur Philip Louis) Created Baron Carrickfergus, Earl of Strathearn and Duke of Cambridge 26 May 2011 Oldest son of Charles III	21 Jun 1982
CAMDEN
17 Jul 1765 13 May 1786	B E	1 1	Sir Charles Pratt Created Baron Camden 17 Jul 1765 and Viscount Bayham and Earl Camden 13 May 1786 MP for Downton 1757‑1762; Lord Chancellor 1766‑1770; Lord President of the Council 1782‑1783 and 1784‑1794; PC 1762	21 Mar 1714	18 Apr 1794	80
18 Apr 1794	M	2 1	John Jeffreys Pratt Created Earl of the County of Brecknock and Marquess Camden 7 Sep 1812 MP for Bath 1780‑1794; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1795‑1798; Secretary of State for Colonies 1804; Lord President of the Council 1805‑1806 and 1807‑1812; Lord Lieutenant Kent 1808‑1840;. PC 1793; PC [I] 1795; KG 1799	11 Feb 1759	8 Oct 1840	81
8 Oct 1840		2	George Charles Pratt He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of Acceleration as Baron Camden 8 Jan 1835 MP for Ludgershall 1821‑1826, Bath 1826‑1830 and Dunwich 1831‑1832; Lord Lieutenant Brecknock 1865‑1866; KG 1846	2 May 1799	8 Aug 1866	67
8 Aug 1866		3	John Charles Pratt MP for Brecon 1866	30 Jun 1840	4 May 1872	31
4 May 1872		4	John Charles Pratt Lord Lieutenant Kent 1905‑1943	9 Feb 1872	14 Dec 1943	71
14 Dec 1943		5	John Charles Henry Pratt	12 Apr 1899	22 Mar 1983	83
22 Mar 1983		6	David George Edward Henry Pratt	13 Aug 1930
CAMELFORD
5 Jan 1784	B	1	Thomas Pitt Created Baron Camelford 5 Jan 1784 MP for Old Sarum 1761‑1768 and 1774‑1784, and Okehampton 1768‑1774	3 Mar 1737	19 Jan 1793	55
19 Jan 1793 to     10 Mar 1804		2	Thomas Pitt For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page Peerage extinct on his death	19 Feb 1775	10 Mar 1804	29
CAMERON OF BALHOUSIE
14 Mar 1983 to     29 Jan 1985	B[L]		Neil Cameron Created Baron Cameron of Balhousie for life 14 Mar 1983 Marshal of the Royal Air Force 1977; Chief of the Defence Staff 1977‑1979; KT 1983 Peerage extinct on his death	8 Jul 1920	29 Jan 1985	64
CAMERON OF CHIPPING NORTON
17 Nov 2023	B[L]		David William Donald Cameron Created Baron Cameron of Chipping Norton for life 17 Nov 2023 MP for Witney 2001‑2016; Prime Minister 2010‑2016; Foreign Secretary 2023-; PC 2005	9 Oct 1966
CAMERON OF DILLINGTON
29 Jun 2004	B[L]		Sir Ewen James Hanning Cameron Created Baron Cameron of Dillington for life 29 Jun 2004	24 Nov 1949
CAMERON OF LOCHBROOM
8 Jun 1984	B[L]		Kenneth John Cameron Created Baron Cameron of Lochbroom for life 8 Jun 1984 Lord Advocate 1984‑1989; PC 1984	11 Jun 1931
CAMERON OF LOCHEIL
4 Mar 2024	B[L]		Donald Andrew John Cameron Created Baron Cameron of Locheil for life 4 Mar 2024	26 Nov 1976
CAMOYS
18 Dec 1264	B	1	Ralph de Camoys Summoned to Parliament as Lord Camoys 18 Dec 1264		1277
1277		2	John de Camoys	1251	by 1299
by 1299		3	Ralph de Camoys		c 1340
c 1340 to     10 Apr 1372		4	Thomas de Camoys Peerage extinct on his death		10 Apr 1372
20 Aug 1383	B	1	Thomas de Camoys Summoned to Parliament as Lord Camoys 20 Aug 1383 KG 1415		28 Mar 1419
28 Mar 1419 to     12 Aug 1426		2	Hugh de Camoys On his death the peerage fell into abeyance	1413	12 Aug 1426	13
14 Sep 1839		3	Thomas Stonor Abeyance terminated in his favour 1839 MP for Oxford 1832‑1833	22 Oct 1797	18 Jan 1881	83
18 Jan 1881		4	Francis Robert Stonor	9 Dec 1856	14 Jul 1897	40
14 Jul 1897		5	Ralph Francis Julian Stonor	28 Jan 1884	3 Aug 1968	84
3 Aug 1968		6	Sherman Stonor	5 Jul 1913	9 Mar 1976	62
9 Mar 1976		7	(Ralph) Thomas Campion George Sherman Stonor PC 1997	16 Apr 1940	4 Jan 2023	82
4 Jan 2023		8	(Ralph) William Robert Thomas Stonor	10 Sep 1974
CAMPBELL
1445	B[S]	1	Sir Duncan Campbell Created Lord Campbell 1445		1453
1453		2	Colin Campbell He was created Earl of Argyll 1457
CAMPBELL OF ALLOWAY
2 Jun 1981 to     30 Jun 2013	B[L]		Alan Robertson Campbell Created Baron Campbell of Alloway for life 2 Jun 1981 Peerage extinct on his death	24 May 1917	30 Jun 2013	96
CAMPBELL OF CROY
9 Jan 1975 to     26 Apr 2005	B[L]		Gordon Thomas Calthrop Campbell Created Baron Campbell of Croy for life 9 Jan 1975 MP for Moray & Nairn 1959‑1974; Secretary of State for Scotland 1970‑1974; PC 1970 Peerage extinct on his death	8 Jun 1921	26 Apr 2005	83
CAMPBELL OF ESKAN
14 Jan 1966 to     26 Dec 1994	B[L]		Sir John [Jock] Middleton Campbell Created Baron Campbell of Eskan for life 14 Jan 1966 Peerage extinct on his death	8 Aug 1912	26 Dec 1994	82
CAMPBELL OF LOUGHBOROUGH
10 Nov 2008	B[L]		Susan Catherine Campbell Created Baroness Campbell of Loughborough for life 10 Nov 2008	10 Oct 1948
CAMPBELL OF PITTENWEEM
13 Oct 2015	B[L]		Sir (Walter) Menzies Campbell Created Baron Campbell of Pittenweem for life 13 Oct 2015 MP for Fife North East 1987‑2015; PC 1999; CH 2013	22 May 1941
CAMPBELL OF ST. ANDREWS
30 Jun 1841	B	1	Sir John Campbell Created Baron Campbell of St. Andrews 30 Jun 1841 MP for Stafford 1830‑1832, Dudley 1832‑1834 and Edinburgh 1834‑1841; Solicitor General 1832; Attorney General 1834 and 1835‑1841; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1846‑1850; Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench 1850; Lord Chancellor 1859‑1861; PC 1841; PC [I] 1841	15 Sep 1779	24 Jun 1861	81
24 Jun 1861		2	William Frederick Campbell He had previously succeeded to the Barony of Stratheden of Cupar with which this peerage then merged and so remains	15 Oct 1824	21 Jan 1893	68
CAMPBELL OF SURBITON
30 Mar 2007	B[L]		Dame Jane Campbell Created Baroness Campbell of Surbiton for life 30 Mar 2007	19 Apr 1959
CAMPBELL AND COWALL
23 Jun 1701	E[S]	1	Archibald Campbell, 10th Earl of Argyll Created Lord of Inverary, Mull, Morvern and Tirie, Viscount of Lochow and Glenyla, Earl of Campbell and Cowall, Marquess of Kintyre and Lorn and Duke of Argyll 23 Jun 1701 See "Argyll"		21 Oct 1703
CAMPBELL-SAVOURS
4 Jul 2001	B[L]		Dale Norman Campbell-Savours Created Baron Campbell-Savours for life 4 Jul 2001 MP for Workington 1979‑2001	23 Aug 1943
CAMPDEN
5 May 1628	V	1	Sir Baptist Hicks, 1st baronet Created Baron Hicks of Ilmington and Viscount Campden 5 May 1628 MP for Tavistock 1621‑1622 and Tewkesbury 1624‑1628	1551	28 Oct 1629	78
28 Oct 1629		2	Sir Edward Noel, Baron Noel of Ridlington MP for Rutland 1601		10 Mar 1643
10 Mar 1643		3	Baptist Noel MP for Rutland 1640‑1643	1612	29 Oct 1682	70
29 Oct 1682		4	Edward Noel He was created Earl of Gainsborough 1682 with which title this peerage then merged	27 Jan 1641	8 Apr 1689	48
16 Aug 1841	V	1	Charles Noel Noel, 3rd Baron Barham Created Baron Noel of Ridlington, Viscount Campden and Earl of Gainsborough 16 Aug 1841 See "Gainsborough"	2 Oct 1781	10 Jun 1866	84
CAMPERDOWN
30 Oct 1797	V	1	Adam Duncan Created Baron Duncan and Viscount Duncan of Camperdown 30 Oct 1797	1 Jul 1731	4 Aug 1804	73
4 Aug 1804	E	2 1	Robert Dundas Haldane-Duncan Created Earl of Camperdown 12 Sep 1831 KT 1848	21 Mar 1785	22 Dec 1859	74
22 Dec 1859		2	Adam Haldane-Duncan MP for Southampton 1837‑1841, Bath 1841‑1852 and Forfarshire 1854‑1859	25 Mar 1812	30 Jan 1867	54
30 Jan 1867		3	Robert Adam Philips Haldane Haldane‑Duncan	28 May 1841	5 Jun 1918	77
5 Jun 1918 to     5 Dec 1933		4	George Alexander Philips Haldane Haldane‑Duncan Peerages extinct on his death	9 May 1845	5 Dec 1933	88
CAMPION
6 Jul 1950 to     6 Apr 1958	B	1	Sir Gilbert Francis Montriou Campion Created Baron Campion 6 Jul 1950 Peerage extinct on his death	11 May 1882	6 Apr 1958	75
CAMPSIE
17 Aug 1661	B[S]	1	James Livingston Created Lord Campsie and Viscount of Kilsyth 17 Aug 1661 See "Kilsyth"	25 Jun 1616	7 Sep 1661	45
CAMROSE
19 Jun 1929 20 Jan 1941	B V	1 1	Sir William Ewart Berry, 1st baronet Created Baron Camrose 19 Jun 1929 and Viscount Camrose 20 Jan 1941	23 Jun 1879	15 Jun 1954	74
15 Jun 1954		2	Seymour Berry MP for Hitchin 1941‑1945	12 Jul 1909	15 Feb 1995	85
15 Feb 1995 to     1995		3	William Michael Berry, Baron Hartwell He disclaimed the peerage for life 1995	18 May 1911	3 Apr 2001	89
3 Apr 2001		4	Adrian Michael Berry	15 Jun 1937	18 Apr 2016	78
18 Apr 2016		5	Jonathan William Berry	26 Feb 1970
CAMVILLE
23 Jun 1295	B	1	Geoffrey de Camville Summoned to Parliament as Lord Camville 23 Jun 1295		1309
1309 to     by 1337		2	William de Camville On his death the peerage fell into abeyance	1269	by 1337
CANADA
14 Jun 1633	E[S]	1	Sir William Alexander, 1st Viscount of Stirling Created Lord Alexander of Tullibody, Viscount Canada and Earl of Stirling 14 Jun 1633 See "Stirling"	c 1576	12 Feb 1640
CANNING
22 Jan 1828	V	1	Joan Canning Created Viscountess Canning 22 Jan 1828 For details of the special remainder included in the creation of this peerage, see the note at the foot of this page Widow of George Canning	1777	14 Mar 1837	59
14 Mar 1837 21 May 1859 to     17 Jun 1862	E	2 1	Charles John Canning Created Earl Canning 21 May 1859 MP for Warwick 1836‑1837; Postmaster General 1852‑1855; Governor General of India 1855‑1862; PC 1846; KG 1862 Peerages extinct on his death	14 Dec 1812	17 Jun 1862	49
CANTELUPE
29 Dec 1299	B	1	William de Cantelupe Summoned to Parliament as Lord Cantelupe 29 Dec 1299	2 Apr 1262	Jul 1308	46
Jul 1308		2	William de Cantelupe	1293	c 1320
c 1320		3	Nicholas de Cantelupe		31 Jul 1355
31 Jul 1355		4	Nicholas de Cantelupe	1342	1370	28
1370 to     1375		5	William de Cantelupe Peerage extinct on his death	1345	1375	30
18 Mar 1761	V	1	John West, 7th Baron de la Warr Created Viscount Cantelupe and Earl de la Warr 18 Mar 1761 See "de la Warr"	4 Apr 1693	16 Mar 1766	72
CANTERBURY
10 Mar 1835	V	1	Sir Charles Manners‑Sutton Created Baron Bottesford and Viscount Canterbury 10 Mar 1835 MP for Scarborough 1806‑1832 and Cambridge University 1832‑1835; Speaker of the House of Commons 1817‑1834; PC 1809	29 Jan 1780	21 Jul 1845	65
21 Jul 1845		2	Charles John Manners‑Sutton	17 Apr 1812	13 Nov 1869	57
13 Nov 1869		3	John Henry Thomas Manners‑Sutton MP for Cambridge 1839‑1840 and 1841‑1847; Governor of Trinidad 1864‑1866 and Victoria 1866‑1873	27 May 1814	23 Jun 1877	63
23 Jun 1877		4	Henry Charles Manners‑Sutton	11 Jul 1839	19 Feb 1914	74
19 Feb 1914		5	Henry Frederick Walpole Manners‑Sutton	8 Apr 1879	22 Oct 1918	39
22 Oct 1918 to     26 Feb 1941		6	Charles Graham Manners‑Sutton Peerage extinct on his death	23 Jan 1872	26 Feb 1941	69
CAPELL OF HADHAM
5 Aug 1641	B	1	Arthur Capell Created Baron Capell of Hadham 5 Aug 1641 MP for Hertfordshire 1639‑1641	20 Feb 1604	9 Mar 1649	45
9 Mar 1649		2	Arthur Capell He was created Earl of Essex 1661 with which title this peerage then merged	28 Jan 1632	13 Jul 1683	51
CAPELL OF TEWKESBURY
11 Apr 1692 to     30 May 1696	B	1	Henry Capell Created Baron Capell of Tewkesbury 11 Apr 1692 MP for Tewkesbury 1660‑1685 and 1690‑1692 and Cockermouth 1689‑1690; First Lord of the Admiralty 1679; PC 1679 Peerage extinct on his death	6 Mar 1638	30 May 1696	58
CARADON
27 Oct 1964 to     5 Sep 1990	B[L]		Hugh Mackintosh Foot Created Baron Caradon for life 27 Oct 1964 Governor of Jamaica 1951‑1957 and Cyprus 1957‑1960; Minister of State Foreign Office 1964‑1970; PC 1968 Peerage extinct on his death	8 Oct 1907	5 Sep 1990	82
CARBERY (co Cork)
5 Aug 1628	E[I]	1	John Vaughan Created Baron Vaughan of Mullengar 13 Jul 1621 and Earl of Carbery 5 Aug 1628	c 1574	6 May 1634
6 May 1634		2	Richard Vaughan Created Baron Vaughan of Emlyn 25 Oct 1643 Lord Lieutenant Glamorgan 1660‑1672		3 Dec 1687
3 Dec 1687 to     16 Jan 1713		3	John Vaughan MP for Carmarthen 1661‑1679 and Carmarthenshire 1679‑1689; Governor of Jamaica 1675‑1678 Peerage extinct on his death	18 Jul 1639	16 Jan 1713	73
9 May 1715	B[I]	1	George Evans Created Baron Carbery 9 May 1715 MP [I] for Limerick County 1707‑1714; MP for Westbury 1715‑1722 and 1724‑1727; PC [I] 1715	c 1680	28 Aug 1749
28 Aug 1749		2	George Evans MP for Westbury 1734‑1747		2 Feb 1759
2 Feb 1759		3	George Evans		26 May 1783
26 May 1783		4	George Evans MP for Rutland 1802‑1804	18 Feb 1766	31 Dec 1804	38
31 Dec 1804		5	John Evans	1738	4 Mar 1807	68
4 Mar 1807		6	Sir John Evans-Freke, 2nd baronet MP [I] for Donegal Borough 1783‑1790 and Baltimore 1790‑1800	11 Nov 1765	12 May 1845	79
12 May 1845		7	George Patrick Percy Evans‑Freke	17 Mar 1810	25 Nov 1889	79
25 Nov 1889		8	William Charles Evans‑Freke	24 May 1812	7 Nov 1894	82
7 Nov 1894		9	Algernon William George Evans‑Freke	9 Sep 1868	12 Jun 1898	29
12 Jun 1898		10	John Evans-Freke (Carbery from 23 Nov 1921)	20 May 1892	25 Dec 1970	78
25 Dec 1970		11	Peter Rolfe Harrington Evans‑Freke	20 Mar 1920	28 Jul 2012	92
28 Jul 2012		12	Michael Peter Evans‑Freke	11 Oct 1942
CARBERY (co Kildare)
17 Jun 1541	B[I]	1	Sir William de Bermingham Created Baron Carbery 17 Jun 1541		17 Jul 1548
17 Jul 1548 to     c 1560		2	Edward de Bermingham Peerage extinct on his death	1546	c 1560
CARDIFF OF CARDIFF CASTLE
20 May 1776	B	1	John Stuart, later [1792] 4th Earl of Bute Created Baron Cardiff of Cardiff Castle 20 May 1776, and Viscount Mountjoy, Earl of Windsor and Marquess of the County of Bute 21 Mar 1796 See "Bute"	30 Jun 1744	16 Nov 1814	70
CARDIGAN
20 Apr 1661	E	1	Thomas Brudenell, Baron Brudenell of Stonton Created Earl of Cardigan 20 Apr 1661		16 Sep 1663
16 Sep 1663		2	Robert Brudenell	5 Mar 1607	16 Jul 1703	96
16 Jul 1703		3	George Brudenell		5 Jul 1732
5 Jul 1732		4	George Brudenell (Montagu after 1749) Created Marquess of Monthermer and Duke of Montagu 5 Nov 1766 These peerages became extinct on his death	26 Jul 1712	23 May 1790	77
23 May 1790		5	James Brudenell, Baron Brudenell of Deene MP for Shaftesbury 1754‑1761, Hastings 1761‑1768, Great Bedwyn 1768 and Marlborough 1768‑1780	20 Apr 1725	24 Feb 1811	85
24 Feb 1811		6	Robert Brudenell MP for Marlborough 1797‑1802	25 Apr 1769	14 Aug 1837	68
14 Aug 1837		7	James Thomas Brudenell MP for Marlborough 1818‑1829, Fowey 1830‑1832, and Northamptonshire North 1832‑1837 On his death the peerages passed to the Marquesses of Ailesbury For further information on the 7th Earl's wife, see note at the foot of this page	16 Oct 1797	28 Mar 1868	70
CARDROSS
19 Jul 1606	B[S]	1	John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar Created Lord Cardross 19 Jul 1606	1562	14 Dec 1634	72
14 Dec 1634		2	David Erskine	1627	1671	44
1671		3	Henry Erskine	1650	21 May 1693	42
21 May 1693		4	David Erskine He succeeded as 9th Earl of Buchan in 1695 with which title this peerage then merged and still remains so	1672	14 Oct 1745	73
CARDWELL
6 Mar 1874 to     15 Feb 1886	V	1	Edward Cardwell Created Viscount Cardwell 6 Mar 1874 MP for Clitheroe 1842‑1847, Liverpool 1847‑1852 and Oxford 1853‑1874; President of the Board of Trade 1852‑1855; Chief Secretary for Ireland 1859‑1861; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1861‑1864; Secretary of State for Colonies 1864‑1866; Secretary of State for War 1868‑1874; PC 1852; PC [I] 1859 Peerage extinct on his death	24 Jul 1813	15 Feb 1886	72

	The Earldom of Caithness
	George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness:-
	The 4th Earl of Caithness had long been an enemy of the Earls of Sutherland. In June 1567, he persuaded his aunt, Isabel Sinclair, to invite the 11th Earl of Sutherland and his family to visit them at Helmsdale Castle. There, the 11th Earl of Sutherland and his wife were poisoned, the poison apparently being contained in mugs of ale. Their 15-year-old son escaped his parents' fate through having been out of the castle when the fatal dose was administered. Isabel Sinclair supposedly killed herself in prison while awaiting trial for the murders.
	The young son of the murdered Earl of Sutherland was then supposedly kidnapped by the Earl of Caithness and forced to marry his daughter, Lady Barbara Sinclair, who by all accounts was 'a woman of mature age, much homeliness and of more than uncertain reputation'. He divorced her five years later on the grounds of her adultery.
	The 4th Earl appears to have been totally ruthless in his methods. In 1567, following a quarrel, he arrested his eldest son, John, Master of Caithness, and imprisoned him in Girnigo Castle. After six years' imprisonment, John was still alive, so his father hastened his end by providing only salted beef for his food, but did not allow any water to be provided and John soon died of thirst. Perhaps John deserved this fate, as it is on record that he had previously strangled his younger brother, William. In any event, when John's son succeeded to the Earldom on the death of the 4th Earl in 1582, one of his first actions was to kill his father's two jailers, receiving a pardon on the grounds that these killings were justified.
	George Philips Alexander Sinclair, 15th Earl of Caithness:-
	The 15th Earl died suddenly as a result of an epileptic fit, as reported in The Scotsman on 27 May 1889:-
	On Saturday last the Earl of Caithness died suddenly in Edinburgh. The deceased nobleman was at the time of his death staying at the hotel at which he was in the habit of residing when in Edinburgh. He had been in town for some days, and on Wednesday he was among the guests at the dinner party of the Lord High Commissioner and Lady Hopetoun at Holyrood Palace. On Thursday he was in his usual health, and was going about during the day, but though not complaining of illness, he did not leave his hotel on Friday, but remained indoors all day.
	On Saturday morning, a few minutes before nine o'clock, he was suddenly attacked by an epileptic fit while in his own apartment. The only person present at the moment was his Lordship's valet, but medical assistance was at once summoned. In the interval, however, death took place.
	A possible claim to the Earldom in 1899?:-
	A mooted claim to the earldom received brief mention in the Press in 1889, but nothing appears to have been done to prosecute this claim. The following article, apparently reprinted from the Birmingham Daily Gazette, appeared in the Gloucester Citizen on 22 December 1889:-
	Yet another peerage romance and a disputed succession. There has just died in a New Zealand hospital a "penniless member of the British aristocracy", who went by the name of Murray McGregor, but who was known to a few friends as being in reality the Earl of Caithness. He refused to be called by his title, and had for some years pursued a humble calling in the town of Clive [on the North Island near Hastings]. What romance there is at the back of the strange story we do not know. The indispensable Debrett[s] gives the address of the Earl of Caithness as Berriedale Farm, North Dakota, United States of America. He is supposed to have had a residence at 59, Inverness-terrace, London. The date of his birth is 1857, and he was educated at Aberdeen University; nothing is said of his marriage. He has three brothers and four sisters, and the heir-presumptive to the title is the Hon Norman Macleod Sinclair, who was born in 1862, and is a solicitor in Bedford Row. A younger brother is rector of Hempsted, Gloucester. But the Rev John Sinclair, minister of the parish of Kinloch Rannoch, in Perthshire, claims to be the rightful Earl of Caithness.
	John Sutherland Sinclair, 17th Earl of Caithness:-
	After the death of the 17th Earl, the following article appeared in the New York Times on 20 July 1914:-
	The erection yesterday over a new grave in Hollywood Cemetery of a monument inscribed "John Sutherland Sinclair, Earl of Caithness", was the first authentic notice to Los Angeles people that the wealthy John Sutherland Sonclair, who died here recently, was the seventeenth Earl of Caithness, the successor to the title of one of the oldest lines of Scotch nobility. Gossip and speculation here had identified Mr Sinclair as the Earl, but, it is said, that to only two men in the city, of whom Corridan H. Putnam, the head of a mining engineering company, was one, had the Earl confessed his identity. Mr Putnam admitted this tonight, and said that he had been pledged to secrecy by the Earl.
	Known as Mr Sinclair, Lord Caithness came here three years ago and made his residence at the Hotel Balboa. He gave freely to philanthropic objects, maintaining for the purpose an office with Mr Putnam. He lived quietly, and his funeral was so simple that it attracted almost no attention.
	Mr Putnam said the answer to the question of why the Earl concealed his title might be found in the motto of the house of Caithness, "Commit thy work to God". "A modest man, he held all the titles as dross and preferred to live as one of the plain people of earth," said Mr Putnam. "His life was devoted to good works."
	Mr Sinclair, as heir-presumptive to the Earldom, came to this country thirty-nine years ago and located in Canada, where he was connected for years with the Bank of Montreal. An uncle, Lord Pentland, of Lyth, now Governor of Madras, had come to Canada just before as secretary to the Governor General of Canada.
	About the time he came into the title he was farming an enormous acreage in North Dakota, near Devil's Lake. A town known as Berriedale now stands on this acreage. One of the titles of the Earl of Caithness is Lord Berriedale.
	A large man, straight, with a long, strong face, white hair and beard, the Earl was a familiar figure about Westlake Park. At his hotel he passed for an affable man possessing means, but reticent about himself.
	The Earl's end was hastened by injuries received in the Pacific Electric wreck at Vineyard Junction, when he was returning to the city from the beach. One leg was injured and he suffered from nervous shock, as he was seated directly behind a woman who was killed. Finally paralysis set in and he had to be taken to the Good Samaritan Hospital, where he died. The body was placed in a vault pending the arrival of a cousin from Scotland, and then the burial took place.
	George William Frederick Charles, 2nd Duke of Cambridge [creation of 1801]
	The following biography of the 2nd Duke of Cambridge appeared in the May 1954 issue of the Australian monthly magazine Parade:-
	In 1772, as a consequence of the marriages of the Dukes of Cumberland and Gloucester with persons of low degree, which proved embarrassing to the court, George III arranged to have introduced in the House of Lords the Royal Marriages Act, a statute which still regulates marriages of members of the royal family. The act lays down that the reigning sovereign may forbid the marriage of any descendant of George II other than children of princesses who marry into a foreign family. This law produced in the following century a whole crop of semi-official "morganatic" marriages in the royal house and more than one disgraceful example of a morganatic wife and children being abandoned in the interests of expediency for some foreign princess. The law produced, too, a shining exception: the marriage of Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, and the printer's daughter Louisa Fairbrother.
	Prince George William Frederick, second Duke of Cambridge, was fourth in line of succession to his cousin, the redoubtable Queen Victoria, who, as reigning sovereign, had the power to accept or forbid his marriage. Prince George was the eldest child and only son of the first duke, Adolphus Frederick. His mother was Augusta, daughter of a German princeling, the Landgrave of Hesse‑Cassel. On his marriage, George III appointed Cambridge Governor of his possessions at Hanover, where at Cambridge House on March 28, 1819, the young Prince George was born.
	For a brief space of two months, until the birth of Princess Victoria on May 24, Prince George was the first direct descendant of George III. Young Prince George remained in Hanover until he was eleven years old, when he was sent to England under the care of his uncle, George IV, and Queen Adelaide. In 1835, then 16, he returned to Hanover to the guidance of a military tutor, as he had decided to take up the profession of arms.
	Two years later his first cousin, Victoria, came to the throne, and the realm of Hanover passed to the Duke of Cumberland. George and his family returned to England. The following year he was sent to Gibraltar to learn garrison duties. After six months there and another six months touring Europe he came back to England, to spend the next two years with his regiment in England and Ireland. By now he was an exceptionally handsome young man, and not without the vanity to be expected as the natural result of his popularity with the young ladies of the provincial centres where his regiment was stationed and where a young and eligible royal prince was a rarity. He was, moreover, fourth in the line of succession to the throne, and statesmen were not blind to the advantages of an alliance with a princess of some great Power. Name after name was suggested and the possibility of a union with more than one European cousin of high rank was hinted at. But the young prince was intent on living his own life.
	He was not in favour with the imperious young queen, and his off-handed attitude to her consort Albert did not raise him in her esteem. The queen's love of gossip tempted her to listen avidly to any scandals that circulated about members of the royal family. It was natural that a scandal that was linked with her unpopular cousin would be relished, and inevitable, too, that sooner or later his flirtations would lead to one. One harmless flirtation at Kew in 1842 with Lady [Charlotte] Augusta [Frederica] Somerset [daughter of the 7th Duke of Beaufort] gave rise to a groundless story that the lady was expecting his child, and that the queen was making use of her powers under the Royal Marriages Act to get even with the prince.
	[Charles] Greville, the Clerk of the Privy Council, was busily employed trying to think of a way to stifle the rumours, and in desperation approached the editor of the London 'Times', who published a denial for him on November 6, 1842. Greville recorded in his diary that the Lady Augusta had behaved with little prudence, but that there was never any truth in the suggestion that she was expecting a child. The prince, moreover, according to him, was a "timid, unenterprising youth" who was not unwilling to amuse himself, but who if the object of his attentions showed any signs of ardour "would get alarmed and back out with more prudence than gallantry".
	Greville's description of the prince's timidity and lack of enterprise was a little wide of the mark. Two years before the reputed affair with the Lady Augusta, George had met and fallen in love with the beauty Sarah Louisa Fairbrother, the fifth daughter and ninth child of a theatrical printer named Robert Fairbrother. Louisa had taken up the stage as a career and was playing in pantomime at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. Though never a great actress, her outstanding beauty had made her immensely popular.
	While Greville was expressing his scornful opinions the prince's wooing of Louisa had reached a stage of intimacy, and she was already expecting his child. The fact that he was seeing her more than a casual flirtation warranted was well known at court, and it is not unlikely that the rumour of his liaison with Lady Augusta was concocted in order to force him to part from Louisa. It was even more likely that his being made staff colonel and sent in command to Corfu in 1843 was a definite attempt to part the lovers.
	In August, 1843, Louisa presented him with his first son, George William Adolphus [1843‑1907], later to become the Colonel George Fitz‑George who served with the Hussars in the campaign in the eighties. In 1845 the prince returned to England as [a] major-general and for the next six years was stationed in Ireland. In 1846 was born his second son, Adolphus Augustus Frederick, later Rear­Admiral Sir Adolphus Fitz-George [1846‑1922].
	The prince's affections for Louisa were sincere and he was determined to marry her. The stumbling-block which had stopped him was the Royal Marriages Act and the certainty of Victoria refusing consent if she were approached. The only alternative was to marry quietly and secretly in defiance of the act, if they could find a clergyman willing to risk the penalty of Praemunire for contempt of the queen's right to forbid the marriage. They found their hero in the Reverend Mr Hughes, vicar of the little eighteenth-century church of St. John's, Clerkenwell. In the vestry of the church there still hangs a framed photostat of the entry in the marriage register of January 8, 1847, and beside it a photograph of the intrepid Mr Hughes. The prince is described in the entry as George Frederick Cambridge, bachelor, gentleman, of St. Paul's, Deptford, in the County of Kent. Louisa had a sister living at Deptford, and it is probable that it was her address that was used. Six months later the third and youngest son was born. He was Augustus Charles Frederick [1847‑1933], later Colonel Sir Charles Fitz‑George, who, like his eldest brother, served with the Hussars.
	The marriage was a secret kept from the ears of the queen, although the prince set his bride up as Mrs Fitz‑George in a house at No 6 Queen Street, Mayfair, and devoted all the hours he could spare from a busy official life to the company of her and her children. The first that the queen learned of the marriage was when Mrs Fitz‑George arrived at the Crimea in 1854 to nurse her husband back to health. He had gone there that year in command of his division and distinguished himself at the battle of Alma. At Inkerman his horse was shot from under him and he and his aide-de-camp had to ride for their lives to escape being cut off by the Russians. After a period of rest a medical board invalided him back to England.
	Four years earlier, on the death of his father, he had become Duke of Cambridge and Parliament had voted him an allowance of £12,000 a year. Victoria, however, refused to receive Mrs Fitz‑George at court or to recognise the marriage. Louisa made no attempt to claim the title of duchess, but continued to live quietly as Mrs Fitz‑George at the Queen Street house. A French writer recorded that the duke insisted on her status being recognised when she was in his company, and that whenever she rose as royalty entered a room he would gruffly command her to sit down.
	There was necessarily a strict separation between his public and private life, and of her life there is little on record. One of the duke's two biographers makes only a passing reference to the fact that he married. The other ignores her existence altogether. Even the Dictionary of National Biography discreetly predates the wedding by seven years and gives it as January 8, 1840.
	On his return from the Crimea the duke became president of Christ Hospital and London Hospital. In 1856 he was appointed to the Privy Council and made General Commander-in-Chief of the army. In 1862 he was made Field Marshal. England had entered a period of peace, and the reformers regarded the army as an unnecessarily expensive institution. In 1888 a commission was set up to enquire into army and naval administration and in May, 1890, it recommended the abolition of the post of C.-in-C. which had already been subordinated, in spite of the duke's appeals to the queen, to the War Minister.
	The enquiry was a bitter blow to the ageing Field Marshal, but a worse blow was soon to fall. In 1888 Louisa's health was beginning to decline. She was now 72, and though her suffering was intense she bore it stoically. On January 8, 1890, the anniversary of their wedding, an occasion which they always celebrated together, she rallied sufficiently to take Communion, and then lapsed into unconsciousness. Four days later she passed away. Louisa was buried in the cemetery at Kensal Green, and huge crowds lined the street from the chapel. The hearse was a mass of wreaths and floral crosses, and for hours after the service thousands filed past the pyramid of flowers that hid the grave. The queen had mellowed sufficiently to send messengers to enquire about her health, and was represented at the funeral by her equerry.
	As soon as he could conclude the necessary formalities of her will the duke escaped to Cannes, in the south of France, to recover from the shock. Her death had left him a lonely and disconsolate man. Every day for fifty years, while they had been forced to live, at least officially, apart, he had written to her and she to him. The clamour for his resignation as commander-in-chief was growing in volume, and at the queen's suggestion he grudgingly resigned in 1895. To compensate him she made him her personal A.D.C. with the right of holding a parade on her birthday. She had apparently become as attached to the ageing duke as she had been hostile to the indiscreet young prince. He retained his interest in the army and regularly presided at regimental dinners until 1904, when he died on March 17 and was buried beside his well-loved wife at Kensal Green.
	Thomas Pitt, 2nd Baron Camelford
	Pitt was born in Cornwall and, after spending his early years in Switzerland, was educated at Charterhouse School in Surrey. He entered the navy as a midshipman in 1789, aged 14. Almost at once, he was plunged into adventure, for in that year, he was posted to the 44-gun man-of-war, Guardian, which was sailing to Sydney with a 'mixed cargo' of stores, cattle and convicts. Adverse winds made the voyage slow and by the time the ship was 1500 miles beyond the Cape of Good Hope, its fresh water reserves were nearly exhausted. On Christmas Eve 1790 the lookout spotted a large iceberg, and as a desperate measure the captain decided to fill the ship's tanks with broken ice. But as the Guardian came alongside the iceberg, she was holed below the waterline by a projecting spar and her crew were ordered to the lifeboats. There was no room in the boats for the convicts, and rather than letting them drown, the captain elected to remain behind in the hope of saving the vessel. Pitt and a handful of volunteers stayed with him, and almost miraculously they coaxed the stricken ship back to Cape Town in a two-month's voyage.
	Returning to England, Pitt transferred to the H.M.S. Discovery, in which the famous navigator Captain George Vancouver was about to set out to explore the Pacific coast of North America. Since there were no vacancies for officers, he signed on as an able seaman. During the voyage, Pitt's truculence and a tendency to query orders led him to be flogged on three occasions - twice for unauthorised trading with natives and the other time for breaking the binnacle glass while skylarking. Finally, he was found sleeping on his watch, which led him to be clapped in irons. After three years together, Vancouver could stand no more of Pitt and marooned him at Hawaii within a few days of his 19th birthday. Forced to work his way home in merchant vessels, Pitt was shipwrecked at Ceylon and did not reach London until almost a year later. There he found himself the second Baron Camelford, his father having died three years previously.
	Because he was a nephew of William Pitt, the Prime Minister, and a peer in his own right, Pitt was reinstated as a midshipman without any inquiry into the reasons Vancouver had marooned him. In August 1796, Camelford sent Vancouver an insulting letter and challenged him to a duel, which offer Vancouver declined. Camelford began to stalk Vancouver and attacked him on a London street, but Vancouver's brother, Charles, was present and gave Pitt a beating. This feud simmered on until Vancouver died in 1798.
	Meanwhile, Camelford was appointed lieutenant in April 1797 and sent to the West Indies Station, where he was raised to the rank of acting Commander after only six weeks and given charge of H.M.S. Favorite. This antagonized the Favorite's first lieutenant, Charles Peterson, who was nearly two year's Pitt's senior in the service. Accordingly, Peterson arranged for a transfer to the frigate Perdrix commanded by a Captain Fahie.
	In early 1798, the Favorite and the Perdrix were both in dock in Antigua refitting when unidentified vessels were reported off the island. As Captain Fahie was absent on leave, Camelford considered himself the senior officer in port, and as such ordered Peterson to arrange harbour patrols to intercept the approaching ships. Peterson, in reply, despatched a similar order to Camelford, signing it 'senior officer'. Camelford responded by sending a lieutenant with a strong marine escort to repeat the order to Peterson and arrest him if he refused to carry it out. The party from the Favorite found Peterson's quarters guarded by a strong contingent of armed sailors with bayonets fixed. After a temporary deadlock, with both sides unwilling to open hostilities, Camelford himself arrived on the scene and ordered Peterson to surrender. Thus challenged, Peterson drew his sword and instructed his men to load their muskets with ball ammunition. Camelford, who was unarmed, snatched a pistol from a marine and levelled it at Peterson. 'Do you still refuse to obey my orders?' he demanded. 'I do' replied Peterson firmly. He gave the same answer when the question was put a second time. After asking a third time, and receiving the same answer, Camelford shot him dead. He was court-martialled, but acquitted.
	Transferred to the Home Fleet, Camelford took command of H.M.S. Charon but soon was in more trouble. In January 1799, he decided to pay a lightning visit to France, a treasonable offence given the two countries were at war. Arrested at Dover, he was found to be carrying a letter of introduction to the Vicomte de Barras, then virtual ruler of France. This letter described Camelford as 'a man willing to render important service to France'. After lengthy deliberation, Camelford was released, but he was relieved of his command for leaving his ship without permission. Camelford flew into a rage and demanded that his name be struck off the list of naval officers - the Admiralty was happy to oblige him.
	Deliberately careless of his own appearance, Camelford now had the leisure time to devote himself to waging a one-man war against the over-dressed fops of his day. He overstepped the mark in April 1799 when he attended the Drury Lane Theatre, to watch a play appropriately titled 'Devil to Pay'. Noticing a certain elegant Mr Humphries occupying a box, Camelford strode in and ordered Humphries out. Having paid for the box, Humphries refused, so without further ado Camelford felled him with a series of vicious punches that caused Humphries to somersault down a stairway. Humphries was later awarded £500 damages.
	In January 1802, when he refused to illuminate his house to celebrate rumours of a peace with France, an angry mob smashed all of his darkened windows. Camelford rushed out and attacked them violently and eventually drove them off.
	Two years after this incident, Camelford was dead. One of his closest friends, a man named Best, quarrelled with his latest mistress and, out of spite, the rejected mistress told Camelford that Best had spoken disparagingly of him. Without waiting to hear Best's denial, Camelford sought him out and loudly denounced him as 'a scoundrel, a liar and a ruffian'. Best, one of the finest pistol shots in England, could not ignore such a public insult and so a duel was arranged. At 8 a.m. on 7 March 1804, the two met for the last time. Camelford fired first and missed, some say deliberately. Best then fired and hit Camelford in the lung, with the bullet lodging in his spine. He lingered a few days and died on 10 March 1804, the title becoming extinct on his death.
	Camelford had requested that he be buried on the shores of Lake St. Pierre in Switzerland, but the renewal of the war with France prevented this from happening immediately. His body was therefore embalmed and placed in a crypt at St. Anne's Church in Soho until such time as his wishes could be carried out. There was a final twist, however. When it came time to send the body abroad for burial, it could not be found and although numerous searches were made, the body was never recovered. Some say it was consumed in the fires of his own hot temper.
	For further reading on Camelford, I recommend The Half Mad Lord: Thomas Pitt, 2nd Baron Camelford by Nikolai Tolstoy, London 1978.
	The special remainder to the Viscountcy of Canning
	From the London Gazette of 18 January 1828 (issue 18433, page 122):-
	The King has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Viscountess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto Joan Canning, widow of the Right Honourable George Canning, deceased, by the name, style, and title of Viscountess Canning, of Kilbrahan, in the county of Kilkenny, and, at her decease, the dignity of a Viscount of the said United Kingdom to the heirs male of her body by the said George Canning, by the name, style, and title of Viscount Canning, of Kilbrahan, in the county of Kilkenny.
	Adeline Brudenell, Countess of Cardigan (1825-1915)
	The following is extracted from The Emperor of the United States of America and Other Magnificent British Eccentrics by Catherine Caufield (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1981)
	By living openly with Lord Cardigan for a year before they were married, Adeline Brudenell outraged Victorian society. As Lady Cardigan she became a leader of the 'fast' set, but the Queen never forgave her youthful indiscretion. In 1873 Adeline's second marriage to a Portuguese nobleman, the Comte de Lancastre, gave her an opportunity for revenge. She continued to smoke in public, and go cycling in tight red military trousers and leopard-skin cape, but she now had the added satisfaction of knowing that the gossips had anglicised her name to the 'Countess of Lancaster', which was Queen Victoria's own travelling pseudonym.
	Lady Cardigan cut a no less distinctive figure in old age. An excellent rider in her day, she continued to attend all important meets in full hunting-dress. She had no intention, however, of actually joining in; her invariable custom was to step out of her carriage, look round anxiously, and with a sigh of exasperation declare that her incompetent groom must have taken her horse to the wrong meet. She was then free to enjoy the hunt as an onlooker.
	In her last years Lady Cardigan was a memorable sight as she promenaded in Hyde Park, wearing a curly blonde wig, a three-cornered hat, a Louis XVI coat and trailing her leopard skin behind. She was generally arm-in-arm with an elderly swain and followed at a respectful distance by a tall footman supporting her pet dog on a silk cushion.
	She always loved entertaining, but developed some individual notions as to what it involved. It was one thing to dress up in mantilla and layered skins and to dance and play the castanets, even if few other 70-year-old ladies went in for such activities. But her guests had also to humour her whim that Deene, the Cardigan home in Northamptonshire, was haunted by the ghost of a nun, and were expected to oblige by screaming and fainting when Lady Cardigan herself donned a nun's habit and drifted through the dimly lit reception rooms. One especially charming woman endeared herself to her hostess by fainting in earnest.
	For several years before her death, Lady Cardigan kept a coffin the ballroom at Deene. Assisted by the butler, she would from time to time climb in to make sure it was comfortable. The servants were summoned to these rehearsals of her lying-in-state and were afterwards required to give their impressions of the overall effect.
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	In 1909 the Countess published My Recollections [Eveleigh Nash, London], a rich source of scurrilous stories of the aristocracy. After her death in 1915, newspapers reflected on her life and related a number of the stories contained in her book. Typical amongst such newspaper articles was the following, which appeared in the Adelaide Advertiser of 10 July 1915:-
	The Countess of Cardigan, who has just died at the age of 90, was a famous beauty in her day, and when the world was in danger of forgetting that such a person existed she startled us all by issuing her "Recollections". This volume was one of the most audacious compilations ever presented to the British public, and its issue created as much stir in society as the ignition of a giant cracker, or the introduction of half a dozen rats would in a ballroom. A long time will eventually elapse before any publisher will place on the market a work more piquant or scandalous - according to the point of view - than the aged Countess's "Recollections".
	Lady Cardigan's record was the more remarkable because she was not an "outsider", so far as her birth was concerned. She was the daughter of Mr Spencer de Horsey, M.P. [he was born Spencer Horsey Kilderbee and changed his name to de Horsey in 1832. He was MP for Orford 1830-1832 and Newcastle-under-Lyme 1837-1841] and her mother was the daughter of an Earl of Stradbroke, and her brother, Admiral Algernon de Horsey, was for some years A.D.C. to Queen Victoria. From childhood Miss de Horsey moved in the best society, but she was a young lady of decidedly advanced views, and finally left her father's house because he would not allow her a latch-key. At least, so she said. It was just before this time that she made the acquaintance of the seventh Earl of Cardigan, the famous hero, and it is more than likely that de Horsey pere really turned the lady out of his home because he disapproved of her "goings on" with the earl, who was a married man. Indeed, in the "Complete Peerage" the Hon Vicary Gibbs states that Miss de Horsey's intimacy with Lord Cardigan during his first wife's lifetime led to her having to leave her father's house and to her being "cut" by respectable people.
	In her old age Lady Cardigan practically admitted that she and Lord Cardigan were on terms of peculiar intimacy, for in her "Recollections" she gave this account of her marriage:-
	"On the morning of July 12, 1858, I was awakened by a loud knocking at the front door. I looked at my watch, and saw that it was not 7 o'clock. I was, needless to say, very alarmed, as I wondered whether anything had happened to my father or my brothers. The knocking continued. I heard the bolts drawn, the door opened, and a voice I knew well called impatiently for me. It was Lord Cardigan! I had just time to slip on a dressing gown before he came into my room, sans ceremonie, and taking me in his arms, he said, "My dearest, she's dead! Let's get married at once". [Note that Burke's states that Cardigan's first wife died on 15 July 1858 which means that the date given of 12 July above must be incorrect]
	Miss de Horsey married Lord Cardigan in the following September, and she wrote with regard to Queen Victoria, who had been most kind to her when young, that "the way in which I defied convention before I married Lord Cardigan did not prepossess her favourably to me".
	Society naturally followed Queen Victoria's lead, and Lord Suffield, the friend and confidante of King Edward, has said in his memoirs that he had seen Lady Cardigan sitting alone on the lawn at Cowes and other places of fashionable resort, with not a single person speaking to her. She must have had iron courage to endure this sort of ostracism.
	Lady Cardigan dealt summarily with members of her husband's family. She was sitting in the Peeresses' Gallery in the House of Lords when Lady Ailesbury, whose husband was a cousin of Lord Cardigan, appeared. And this, according to Lady Cardigan was how she tackled the situation:-
	"I could see by her look that she meant to cut me, so I thought I would carry the war into the enemy's camp, and just as she was about to pass me I said, "Oh, Lady Ailesbury, you may like to know that before Lady Cardigan died she told my lord all about you and your illegitimate children". Lady Ailesbury looked nervously round and said in an agitated manner, "Hush, hush, my dear! I'm coming to lunch with you tomorrow". From that day we were outwardly the best of friends."
	After four years [actually ten] of married life Lord Cardigan died, and his lovely widow's hand was much sought in marriage, principally, it seems, by widowers well-blessed with olive-branches. They included, according to her ladyship, the Duke of Leeds, Prince Soltykoff, the Duke of St. Albans, and Disraeli. She narrated that, with regard to the last named, she consulted the then Prince of Wales, and he advised that he did not think the union would be a happy one. When this story was told by her Disraeli had been dead for many years, and there were many who hinted that they did not believe the proposal was ever made. However, the countess was remarried in that same year [actually 1873] to Count de Lancastre, a Portuguese noble. Her marriage gave offence to Queen Victoria, for she [illegally] adopted the style of Countess of Cardigan and Lancastre, and it had been the custom of the Queen to travel incognito as the "Countess of Lancaster".
	In her later life the Countess became acquainted with Earl Russell and his first wife, the unhappy Countess "Babs". In fact, the tragedy of that union was largely due to her. Lady Cardigan was the "Lady X" who first instilled into the mind of the young Countess Russell dark suspicions of her husband's character. She was mentioned in court as "Lady X" but the name came out during the hearing of the libel proceedings at the Old Bailey in 1897, and Mr Justice Hawkins called her "that arch unscrupulous slanderer". In 1898 the count [i.e. Lancastre] died, and Lady Cardigan did not come into the public eye again until the publication of her astonishing "Recollections". It is said by her critics that she had tried to revenge herself on those who had refused to associate with her by bringing into the light family scandals, true and untrue. Certainly no book ever set society by the ears as did her ladyship's, and if she had been a man she would undoubtedly only have had age to protect her against a number of horsewhippings from the indignant relatives of men and women maligned in the "Recollections".
	Writing of the grandfather of the present Duke of Westminster, who, notwithstanding his great wealth, had the reputation of being rather mean, she said:- A story was told about his once looking at a pair of trousers his valet was wearing, and saying, "These are very good trousers. Did I give them to you?" "Yes, my lord." "Well, here's a shilling for you," said the stingy nobleman. "I'll have them back again."
	Lady Cardigan's uncle, Admiral Rous, the famous racing man, is the hero of another anecdote. "Mrs Rous was very dictatorial, and I remember one day after [her] death calling to enquire how my uncle was. "Indeed, my lady," said the servant, "I may say the admiral is a deal better since Mrs Rous' death". I believe the same answer was given to all callers."
	In contrast is this grim story of the death of Lady Ward, who as Constance de Burgh had been a famous beauty:- "On the evening of the day before her burial [she died 14 November 1851 after a marriage of less than 7 months], Lord Colville came to see Lord Ward [i.e. the 11th Baron Ward and, from 1860, the 1st Earl of Dudley]. They talked for some time, and then the widower suddenly turned to his friend. "Colville, you admired my wife?" "Yes," replied Lord Colville, "I did." "Well, come and look your last on her," said Lord Ward, and lighting a candle he led the way upstairs. The room was full of shadows, and the flickering light fell on the lovely face of the dead woman. Silently Lord Colville stood by her … Ward was watching him attentively. "Still admiring my wife? Well, she was a pretty woman - but you'd never credit that she had such bad teeth." He put down the candle on a table as he spoke and raised his wife's head from the pillow. With cold deliberation he wrenched the jaws apart. "I always told you she had bad teeth," he repeated. "Look here, man." But Lord Colville had hurriedly left the room. He told me afterwards it was the most ghastly sight he had ever seen."
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	If I were to asked to take part in the common popular quiz of "which five figures from history would you most like to dine with", the 7th Earl of Cardigan would be one of my fellow diners.
	For further reading on the 7th Earl, the following are recommended:-
	* The Reason Why by Cecil Woodham‑Smith (Constable, London 1953)
	* Charge! Hurrah! Hurrah! by Donald Thomas (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1974)
	* The Homicidal Earl by Saul David (Little, Brown and Co., London 1997)

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