PEERAGES
Last updated 08/09/2017 (19 Jan 2024)
Date	Rank	Order	Name	Born	Died	Age
EMLYN
5 Oct 1827	V	1	John Frederick Campbell, 2nd Baron Cawdor Created Viscount Emlyn and Earl Cawdor 5 Oct 1827 See "Cawdor"	8 Nov 1790	7 Nov 1860	69
EMMET OF AMBERLEY
8 Dec 1964 to     10 Oct 1980	B[L]		Evelyn Violet Elizabeth Emmet Created Baroness Emmet of Amberley for life 8 Dec 1964 MP for East Grinstead 1955‑1964 Peerage extinct on her death	18 Mar 1899	10 Oct 1980	81
EMMOTT
2 Nov 1911 to     13 Dec 1926	B	1	Alfred Emmott Created Baron Emmott 2 Nov 1911 MP for Oldham 1899‑1911; First Commissioner of Works 1914‑1915; PC 1908 Peerage extinct on his death	8 May 1858	13 Dec 1926	68
EMPEY
15 Jan 2011	B[L]		Sir Reginald Norman Morgan Empey Created Baron Empey for life 15 Jan 2011	26 Oct 1947
EMSLIE
11 Feb 1980 to     21 Nov 2002	B[L]		George Carlyle Emslie Created Baron Emslie for life 11 Feb 1980 Lord Justice General of Scotland 1972‑1989; PC 1972 Peerage extinct on his death	6 Dec 1919	21 Nov 2002	82
ENCOMBE
7 Jul 1821	V	1	John Scott, 1st Baron Eldon Created Viscount Encombe and Earl of Eldon 7 Jul 1821 See "Eldon"	4 Jun 1751	13 Jan 1838	86
ENERGLYN
10 Jul 1968 to     27 Jun 198	B[L]		William David Evans Created Baron Energlyn for life 10 Jul 1968 Peerage extinct on his death	25 Dec 1912	27 Jun 1985	72
ENFIELD
10 May 1695	B	1	William Henry Nassau-de-Zulestein Created Baron Enfield, Viscount Tunbridge and Earl of Rochford 10 May 1695 See "Rochford"	7 Oct 1649	Jan 1709	59
18 Sep 1847	V	1	John Byng Created Baron Strafford 12 May 1835 and Viscount Enfield and Earl of Strafford 18 Sep 1847 See "Strafford"	1772	3 Jun 1860	87
ENGAINE
6 Feb 1299 to     28 Sep 1323	B	1	John Engaine Summoned to Parliament as Lord Engaine 6 Feb 1299 Peerage extinct on his death		28 Sep 1323
25 Feb 1342	B	1	John Engaine Summoned to Parliament as Lord Engaine 25 Feb 1342		16 Feb 1358
16 Feb 1358 to     29 Jun 1367		2	Thomas Engaine On his death the peerage fell into abeyance	1336	29 Jun 1367	30
ENNALS
9 Sep 1983 to     17 Jun 1995	B[L]		David Hedley Ennals Created Baron Ennals for life 9 Sep 1983 MP for Dover 1964‑1970 and Norwich North 1974‑1983; Minister of State, Health & Social Security 1968‑1970; Minister of State, Foreign & Commonwealth Office 1974‑1976; Secretary of State for Social Services 1976‑1979; PC 1970 Peerage extinct on his death	19 Aug 1922	17 Jun 1995	72
ENNERDALE
16 Jun 1619	B	1	James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton Created Baron Ennerdale and Earl of Cambridge 16 Jun 1619 See "Cambridge"	1589	2 Mar 1625	35
ENNISDALE
6 Jul 1939 to     17 Aug 1963	B	1	Sir Henry Edward Lyons, 1st baronet Created Baron Ennisdale 6 Jul 1939 Peerage extinct on his death	29 Aug 1877	17 Aug 1963	85
ENNISHOWEN AND CARRICKFERGUS
18 Aug 1841 to     20 Oct 1883	B	1	George Hamilton Chichester, later [1844] 3rd Marquess of Donegall Created Baron Ennishowen and Carrickfergus 18 Aug 1841 Peerage extinct on his death	10 Feb 1797	20 Oct 1883	86
ENNISKILLEN
20 Jul 1776 18 Aug 1789	V[I] E[I]	1 1	William Willoughby Cole, 2nd Baron Mountflorence Created Viscount Enniskillen 20 Jul 1776 and Earl of Enniskillen 18 Aug 1789 MP [I] for Enniskillen 1761‑1767	1 Mar 1736	22 May 1803	67
22 May 1803		2	John Willoughby Cole Created Baron Grinstead 11 Aug 1815 MP [I] for Fermanagh County 1790‑1800; MP for Fermanagh 1801‑1803; Lord Lieutenant Fermanagh 1831‑1840; KP 1810	23 Mar 1768	31 Mar 1840	72
31 Mar 1840		3	William Willoughby Cole MP for Fermanagh 1831‑1840	25 Jan 1807	12 Nov 1886	79
12 Nov 1886		4	Lowry Egerton Cole MP for Enniskillen 1880‑1885; KP 1902 For information on his 3rd son, Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole, see the note at the foot of this page	21 Dec 1845	28 Apr 1924	78
28 Apr 1924		5	John Henry Michael Cole Lord Lieutenant Fermanagh	10 Sep 1876	19 Feb 1963	86
19 Feb 1963		6	David Lowry Cole	10 Sep 1918	30 May 1989	70
30 May 1989		7	Andrew John Galbraith Cole	28 Apr 1942
ENNISMORE
31 Jul 1800 15 Jan 1816	B[I] V[I]	1 1	William Hare Created Baron Ennismore 31 Jul 1800, Viscount Ennismore 15 Jan 1816 and Earl of Listowel 5 Feb 1822 See "Listowel"	Sep 1751	13 Jul 1837	85
ENZIE
17 Apr 1599	E[S]	1	George Gordon Created Lord Gordon of Badenoch, Earl of Enzie and Marquess of Huntly 17 Apr 1599 See "Huntly"	c 1563	13 Jun 1636
3 Nov 1684	B[S]	1	George Gordon, 4th Marquess of Huntly Created Lord Badenoch, Lochaber, Strathavon, Balmore, Auchindoun, Garthie and Kincardine, Viscount of Inverness, Earl of Huntly and Enzie, Marquess of Huntly and Duke of Gordon 3 Nov 1684 See "Gordon" - extinct 1836	c 1643	7 Dec 1716
EPSOM
3 Jul 1911	B	1	Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery Created Baron Epsom, Viscount Mentmore and Earl of Midlothian 3 Jul 1911 The peerages remain united with the Earldom of Rosebery	7 May 1847	21 May 1929	82
ERDINGTON
22 Jan 1336 to     by 1345	B	1	Henry de Erdington Summoned to Parliament as Lord Erdington 22 Jan 1336 Peerage is presumed to have become extinct on his death		by 1345
ERLEIGH
20 Dec 1917	V	1	Rufus Daniel Isaacs, 1st Viscount Reading Created Viscount Erleigh and Earl of Reading 20 Dec 1917 See "Reading"	10 Oct 1860	30 Dec 1935	75
ERNE
15 Jul 1768	B[I]	1	Abraham Creighton Created Baron Erne 15 Jul 1768 MP [I] for Lifford 1727‑1768	31 Dec 1703	10 Jun 1772	68
10 Jun 1772 6 Jan 1781 18 Aug 1789	V[I] E[I]	2 1 1	John Creighton Created Viscount Erne 6 Jan 1781 and Earl of Erne 18 Aug 1789 MP [I] for Lifford 1761‑1772; PC [I] 1804	1731	15 Sep 1828	97
15 Sep 1828		2	Abraham Creighton MP [I] for Lifford 1790‑1798	10 May 1765	10 Jun 1842	77
10 Jun 1842		3	John Crichton Created Baron Fermanagh of Lisnaskea 13 Jan 1876 Lord Lieutenant Fermanagh 1840‑1885; KP 1868	30 Jul 1802	3 Oct 1885	83
3 Oct 1885		4	John Henry Crichton MP for Enniskillen 1868‑1880 and Fermanagh 1880‑1885; Lord Lieutenant Fermanagh 1885‑1914; KP 1889; PC [I] 1902	16 Oct 1839	2 Dec 1914	75
2 Dec 1914		5	John Henry George Crichton	22 Nov 1907	23 May 1940	32
23 May 1940		6	Henry George Victor John Crichton Lord Lieutenant Fermanagh 1986‑2012	9 Jul 1937	23 Dec 2015	78
23 Dec 2015		7	John Henry Michael Ninian Crichton	19 Jun 1971
ERNLE
4 Feb 1919 to     1 Jul 1937	B	1	Rowland Edmund Prothero Created Baron Ernle 4 Feb 1919 MP for Oxford University 1914‑1919; President of the Board of Agriculture 1916‑1919; PC 1916 Peerage extinct on his death	6 Sep 1851	1 Jul 1937	85
ERRINGTON
8 Aug 1901	V	1	Evelyn Baring, 1st Viscount Cromer Created Viscount Errington and Earl of Cromer 8 Aug 1901 See "Cromer"	26 Feb 1841	29 Jan 1917	75
ERRIS OF BOYLE
29 Dec 1800	B[I]	1	Robert Edward King Created Baron Erris of Boyle 29 Dec 1800 and Viscount Lorton 28 May 1806 See "Lorton"	12 Aug 1773	20 Nov 1854	81
ERROLL
12 Jun 1452	E[S]	1	Sir William Hay, 2nd Lord Hay Created Lord Slains and Earl of Erroll 12 Jun 1452		1462
1462		2	Nicholas Hay		1470
1470		3	William Hay		14 Jan 1506
14 Jan 1506		4	William Hay		9 Sep 1513
9 Sep 1513		5	William Hay		28 Jul 1522
28 Jul 1522		6	William Hay	1521	11 Apr 1541	19
11 Apr 1541		7	George Hay		c 1575
c 1575		8	Andrew Hay		8 Oct 1585
8 Oct 1585		9	Francis Hay	30 Apr 1564	16 Jul 1631	67
16 Jul 1631		10	William Hay		7 Dec 1636
7 Dec 1636		11	Gilbert Hay		Apr 1674
Apr 1674		12	John Hay	c 1635	30 Dec 1704
30 Dec 1704		13	Charles Hay	c 1680	16 Oct 1717
16 Oct 1717		14	Mary Falconer		19 Aug 1758
19 Aug 1758		15	James Hay	20 Dec 1726	3 Jul 1778	51
3 Jul 1778		16	George Hay	13 May 1767	14 Jun 1798	31
14 Jun 1798		17	William Hay-Carr	12 Mar 1772	26 Jan 1819	46
26 Jan 1819		18	William George Hay Created Baron Kilmarnock 17 Jun 1831 Lord Lieutenant Aberdeen 1836‑1846; PC 1831; KT 1834	21 Feb 1801	19 Apr 1846	45
19 Apr 1846		19	William Harry Hay	2 May 1823	3 Dec 1891	68
3 Dec 1891		20	Charles Gore Hay KT 1901	7 Feb 1852	8 Jul 1927	75
8 Jul 1927		21	Victor Alexander Sereld Hay	17 Oct 1876	20 Feb 1928	51
20 Feb 1928		22	Josslyn Victor Hay	11 May 1901	24 Jan 1941	39
24 Jan 1941		23	Diana Denyse Hay	5 Jan 1926	16 May 1978	52
16 May 1978		24	Martin Sereld Victor Gilbert Hay [Elected hereditary peer 1999-]	20 Apr 1948
ERROLL OF HALE
19 Dec 1964 to     14 Sep 2000	B	1	Frederick James Erroll Created Baron Erroll of Hale 19 Dec 1964 and Baron Erroll of Kilmun for life 16 Nov 1999 (see below) MP for Altrincham and Sale 1945‑1964; Economic Secretary to the Treasury 1958‑1959; Minister of State, Board of Trade 1959‑1961; President of the Board of Trade 1961‑1963; Minister of Power 1963‑1964; PC 1960 Peerage extinct on his death	27 May 1914	14 Sep 2000	86
ERROLL OF KILMUN
16 Nov 1999 to     14 Sep 2000	B[L]		Frederick James Erroll, 1st Baron Erroll of Hale Created Baron Erroll of Kilmun for life 16 Nov 1999 Peerage extinct on his death	27 May 1914	14 Sep 2000	86
ERSKINE
c 1426	B[S]	1	Sir Robert Erskine Created Lord Erskine c 1426		1453
1453		2	Thomas Erskine		c 1491
c 1491		3	Alexander Erskine		c 1509
c 1509		4	Robert Erskine		9 Sep 1513
9 Sep 1513		5	John Erskine		1552
1552		6	John Erskine He was created Earl of Mar in 1565 with which title this peerage then merged
ERSKINE OF ALLOA TOWER
19 Apr 2000	B[L]		James Thorne Erskine, 14th Earl of Mar & Kellie Created Baron Erskine of Alloa Tower for life 19 Apr 2000	10 Mar 1949
ERSKINE OF RERRICK
4 Sep 1964	B	1	Sir John Maxwell Erskine, 1st baronet Created Baron Erskine of Rerrick 4 Sep 1964 Governor of Northern Ireland 1964‑1968	14 Dec 1893	14 Dec 1980	87
14 Dec 1980 to     7 Jun 1995		2	Iain Maxwell Erskine Peerage extinct on his death For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	22 Jan 1926	7 Jun 1995	69
ERSKINE OF RESTORMEL CASTLE
10 Feb 1806	B	1	Thomas Erskine Created Baron Erskine of Restormel Castle 10 Feb 1806 MP for Portsmouth 1783‑1784 and 1790‑1806; Lord Chancellor 1806‑1807; PC 1806; KT 1815	10 Jan 1750	17 Nov 1823	73
17 Nov 1823		2	David Montague Erskine MP for Portsmouth 1806	1777	19 Mar 1855	77
19 Mar 1855		3	Thomas Americus Erskine	3 May 1802	10 May 1877	75
10 May 1877		4	John Cadwallader Erskine	1804	28 Mar 1882	77
28 Mar 1882		5	William Macnaghten Erskine	7 Jan 1841	8 Dec 1913	72
8 Dec 1913		6	Montagu Erskine	13 Apr 1865	9 Feb 1957	91
9 Feb 1957		7	Donald Cardross Flower Erskine He succeeded as 16th Earl of Buchan in 1960 with which title this peerage then merged	3 Jun 1899	26 Jul 1984	85
ESHER
24 Jul 1885 11 Nov 1897	B V	1 1	Sir William Baliol Brett Created Baron Esher 24 Jul 1885 and Viscount Esher 11 Nov 1897 MP for Helston 1866‑1868; Solicitor General 1868; Master of the Rolls 1883‑1897; PC 1876	13 Aug 1815	24 May 1899	83
24 May 1899		2	Reginald Baliol Brett MP for Penryn & Falmouth 1880‑1885; PC 1922	30 Jun 1852	22 Jan 1930	77
22 Jan 1930		3	Oliver Sylvain Baliol Brett	23 Mar 1881	8 Oct 1963	82
8 Oct 1963		4	Lionel Gordon Baliol Brett	18 Jul 1913	9 Jul 2004	90
9 Jul 2004		5	Christopher Lionel Baliol Brett	23 Dec 1936
ESKDALE
20 Aug 1620	B[S]	1	Robert Maxwell Created Lord Maxwell, Eskdale and Carleill and Earl of Nithsdale 20 Aug 1620 See "Nithsdale"	after 1586	May 1646
ESLINGTON
2 Apr 1874	B	1	Henry Thomas Liddell Created Baron Eslington and Earl of Ravensworth 2 Apr 1874 See "Ravensworth"	10 Mar 1797	19 Mar 1878	81
ESMOND
20 May 1632 to     26 Mar 1646	B[I]	1	Sir Laurence Esmond Created Baron Esmond 20 May 1632 Peerage extinct on his death		26 Mar 1646
ESSENDON
20 Jun 1932	B	1	Sir Frederick William Lewis, 1st baronet Created Baron Essendon 20 Jun 1932	25 May 1870	24 Jun 1944	74
24 Jun 1944 to     18 Jul 1978		2	Brian Edmund Lewis Peerage extinct on his death	7 Dec 1903	18 Jul 1978	74
ESSEX
c 1139 to     1144	E	1	Geoffrey de Mandeville Created Earl of Essex c 1139 The peerage was forfeited in 1144	c 1090	14 Sep 1144
c 1155		2	Geoffrey de Mandeville Restored to the peerage c 1155	by 1130	21 Oct 1167
21 Oct 1167 to     14 Nov 1189		3	William de Mandeville On his death the peerage probably reverted to the Crown	c 1135	14 Nov 1189
27 May 1199	E	1	Geoffrey Fitzpeter Created Earl of Essex 27 May 1199	1165	14 Oct 1213	48
14 Oct 1213		2	Geoffrey de Mandeville	c 1191	23 Feb 1216
23 Feb 1216 to     8 Jan 1227		3	William de Mandeville On his death the peerage probably reverted to the Crown	c 1192	8 Jan 1227
28 Apr 1228	E	1	Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford Created Earl of Essex 28 Apr 1228	by 1208	24 Sep 1275
24 Sep 1275		2	Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford	1251	30 Nov 1298	47
30 Nov 1298		3	Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford	by 1280	16 Mar 1322
16 Mar 1322		4	John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford	c 1307	20 Jan 1326
20 Jan 1326		5	Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford	c 1311	15 Oct 1361
15 Oct 1361 to     26 Jan 1373		6	Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford Peerages extinct on his death	1341	26 Jan 1373	31
30 Jun 1461	E	1	Henry Bourchier, 1st Viscount Bourchier Created Earl of Essex 30 Jun 1461 Lord Treasurer 1455‑1456, 1461‑1462 and 1471; Lord Keeper 1472; KG 1452	1406	4 Apr 1483	76
4 Apr 1483 to     13 Mar 1540		2	Henry Bourchier KG 1496 Peerage extinct on his death	1472	13 Mar 1540	67
17 Apr 1540 to     28 Jul 1540	E	1	Thomas Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell Created Earl of Essex 17 Apr 1540 He was attainted and executed in 1540 when the peerages were forfeited	1485	28 Jul 1540	55
23 Dec 1543 to     Aug 1553	E	1	William Parr, 1st Baron Parr Created Earl of Essex 23 Dec 1543 and Marquess of Northampton 16 Feb 1547 He was attainted in 1553 when the peerages were forfeited	14 Aug 1513	28 Oct 1571	58
4 May 1572	E	1	Walter Devereux, 2nd Viscount Hereford Created Earl of Essex 4 May 1572 Lord Lieutenant Stafford 1569; KG 1572	16 Sep 1541	22 Sep 1576	35
22 Sep 1576 to     25 Feb 1601		2	Robert Devereux Lord President of the Council 1593; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1599; KG 1588 He was executed for high treason and the peerage forfeited	10 Nov 1567	25 Feb 1601	33
18 Apr 1604 to     14 Sep 1646		3	Robert Devereux Restored to the title 1604 Lord Lieutenant Stafford 1612 and Yorkshire 1641‑1642 Peerage extinct on his death For information on his wife and her involvement in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, see the note at the foot of this page	22 Jan 1591	14 Sep 1646	55
20 Apr 1661	E	1	Arthur Capell, 2nd Baron Capell of Hadham Created Viscount Malden and Earl of Essex 20 Apr 1661 Lord Lieutenant Hertford 1660‑1681 and Wiltshire 1668‑1672; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1672‑1677; First Lord of the Admiralty 1679; PC 1679	28 Jan 1632	13 Jul 1683	51
13 Jul 1683		2	Algernon Capell Lord Lieutenant Hertford 1692‑1710; PC 1708	28 Dec 1670	10 Jan 1710	39
10 Jan 1710		3	William Capell Lord Lieutenant Hertford 1722‑1743; KT 1725; PC 1735; KG 1738	11 Jan 1697	8 Jan 1743	45
8 Jan 1743		4	William Ann Holles Capell Lord Lieutenant Hertford 1764‑1771	7 Oct 1732	5 Mar 1799	66
5 Mar 1799		5	George Capell-Coningsby MP for Westminster 1779‑1780, Lostwithiel 1781‑1784, Okehampton 1785‑1790 and Radnor 1794‑1799; Lord Lieutenant Hereford 1802‑1817	13 Nov 1757	23 Apr 1839	81
23 Apr 1839		6	Arthur Algernon Capell	28 Jan 1803	11 Sep 1892	89
11 Sep 1892		7	George Devereux de Vere Capell	24 Oct 1857	25 Sep 1916	58
25 Sep 1916		8	Algernon George de Vere Capell	21 Feb 1884	8 Dec 1966	82
8 Dec 1966		9	Reginald George de Vere Capell	9 Oct 1906	18 May 1981	74
18 May 1981		10	Robert Edward de Vere Capell For information this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	13 Jan 1920	5 Jun 2005	85
5 Jun 2005		11	Frederick Paul de Vere Capell	29 May 1944
ESTCOURT
3 Aug 1903 to     12 Jan 1915	B	1	George Thomas John Sotheron‑Estcourt Created Baron Estcourt 3 Aug 1903 MP for Wiltshire North 1874‑1885 Peerage extinct on his death	21 Jan 1839	12 Jan 1915	75
ETHERTON
23 Dec 2020	B[L]		Sir Terence Michael Elkan Barnet Etherton Created Baron Etherton 23 Dec 2020 Lord Justice of Appeal 2008‑2013; Master of the Rolls 2016‑2020; PC 2008	21 Jun 1951
ETHIE
1 Nov 1647	E[S]	1	John Carnegie, 1st Lord Lour Created Lord Lour and Egglismadie and Earl of Ethie 1 Nov 1647 He exchanged these titles for those of Earl of Northesk and Lord Rosehill in 1662 See "Northesk"	c 1580	19 Jan 1667
ETTRICK
16 Jul 1872	B	1	Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier of Merchistoun Created Baron Ettrick [UK] 16 Jul 1872 See "Napier of Merchistoun"	15 Sep 1819	19 Dec 1898	79
EURE
24 Feb 1544	B	1	Sir William Eure Created Baron Eure 24 Feb 1544	c 1483	15 Mar 1548
15 Mar 1548		2	William Eure	10 May 1530	12 Feb 1594	63
12 Feb 1594		3	Ralph Eure	24 Sep 1558	1 Apr 1617	58
1 Apr 1617		4	William Eure	c 1587	28 Jun 1646
28 Jun 1646		5	William Eure		25 Jun 1652
25 Jun 1652		6	George Eure		24 Oct 1672
24 Oct 1672 to     27 Apr 1707		7	Ralph Eure On his death the peerage is presumed to have become extinct For information on a claim for this title made in 1977, see the note at the foot of this page		27 Apr 1707
EUSTON
16 Aug 1672	E	1	Henry Fitzroy Created Baron Sudbury, Viscount Ipswich and Earl of Euston 16 Aug 1672 and Duke of Grafton 11 Sep 1675 See "Grafton"	2 Sep 1663	9 Oct 1690	27
EVANS
1 Jul 1957 to     26 Oct 1963	B	1	Sir Horace Evans Created Baron Evans 1 Jul 1957 Peerage extinct on his death	1 Jan 1903	26 Oct 1963	60
EVANS OF BOWES PARK
12 Sep 2014	B[L]		Natalie Jessica Evans Created Baroness Evans of Bowes Park for life 12 Sep 2014 Lord Privy Seal 2016‑2022; PC 2016	23 Nov 1975
EVANS OF CLAUGHTON
24 Apr 1978 to     22 Mar 1992	B[L]		David Thomas Gruffydd Evans Created Baron Evans of Claughton for life 24 Apr 1978 Peerage extinct on his death	9 Feb 1928	22 Mar 1992	64
EVANS OF HUNGERSHALL
25 Aug 1967 to     28 Aug 1982	B[L]		Benjamin Ifor Evans Created Baron Evans of Hungershall for life 25 Aug 1967 Peerage extinct on his death	19 Aug 1899	28 Aug 1982	83
EVANS OF PARKSIDE
10 Jun 1997 to     5 Mar 2016	B[L]		John Evans Created Baron Evans of Parkside for life 10 Jun 1997 MP for Newton 1974‑1983 and St. Helens North 1983‑1997; MEP 1975‑1978 Peerage extinct on his death	19 Oct 1930	5 Mar 2016	85
EVANS OF RAINOW
9 Nov 2022	B[L]		Graham Thomas Evans Created Baron Evans of Rainow for life 9 Nov 2022 MP for Weaver Vale 2010‑2017	10 Nov 1963
EVANS OF TEMPLE GUITING
11 May 2000 to     6 Jul 2016	B[L]		Matthew Evans Created Baron Evans of Temple Guiting for life 11 May 2000 Peerage extinct on his death	7 Aug 1941	6 Jul 2016	74
EVANS OF WATFORD
28 Jul 1998	B[L]		David Charles Evans Created Baron Evans of Watford for life 28 Jul 1998	30 Nov 1942
EVANS OF WEARDALE
3 Dec 2014	B[L]		Sir Jonathan Douglas Evans Created Baron Evans of Weardale for life 3 Dec 2014	17 Feb 1958
EVERINGHAM
4 Mar 1309	B	1	Sir Adam Everingham Summoned to Parliament as Lord Everingham 4 Mar 1309	29 Aug 1279	8 May 1341	61
8 May 1341 to     8 Feb 1371		2	Adam Everingham On his death the peerage fell into abeyance	c 1307	8 Feb 1371
EVERSHED
20 Jan 1956 to     3 Oct 1966	B	1	Sir Francis Raymond Evershed Created Baron Evershed 20 Jan 1956 Master of the Rolls 1949‑1962; Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 1962‑1965; PC 1947 Peerage extinct on his death	8 Aug 1899	3 Oct 1966	67
EVERSLEY
11 Apr 1857 to     28 Dec 1888	V	1	Charles Shaw-Lefevre Created Viscount Eversley 11 Apr 1857 MP for Downton 1830‑1831, Hampshire 1831‑1832 and Hampshire North 1832‑1857; Speaker of the House of Commons 1839‑1857; PC 1839 Peerage extinct on his death	22 Feb 1794	28 Dec 1888	94
16 Jul 1906 to     19 Apr 1928	B	1	George John Shaw-Lefevre Created Baron Eversley 16 Jul 1906 MP for Reading 1863‑1885 and Bradford Central 1886‑1895; First Commissioner of Works 1880‑1884 and 1892‑1893; Postmaster General 1882 and 1884‑1885; President of the Local Government Board 1894‑1895; PC 1880 Peerage extinct on his death	12 Jun 1831	19 Apr 1928	96
EWART-BIGGS
22 May 1981 to     8 Oct 1992	B[L]		Felicity Jane Ewart‑Biggs Created Baroness Ewart‑Biggs for life 22 May 1981 Peerage extinct on her death	22 Aug 1929	8 Oct 1992	63
EWING OF KIRKFORD
17 Jul 1992 to     9 Jun 2007	B[L]		Harry Ewing Created Baron Ewing of Kirkford for life 17 Jul 1992 MP for Stirling & Falkirk 1971‑1974, Stirling, Falkirk & Grangemouth 1974‑1983 and Falkirk East 1983‑1992 Peerage extinct on his death	20 Jan 1931	9 Jun 2007	76
EXETER
29 Sep 1397 to     1399	D	1	John Holand Created Earl of Huntingdon 2 Jun 1387 and Duke of Exeter 29 Sep 1397 KG 1381 He was degraded from the peerages 1399	c 1355	15 Jan 1400
18 Nov 1416 to     30 Dec 1426	D[L]		Thomas Beaufort, 1st Earl of Dorset Created Duke of Exeter for life 18 Nov 1416 KG 1400 Peerage extinct on his death	c 1377	30 Dec 1426
6 Jan 1443	D	1	John Holand, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon Created Duke of Exeter 6 Jan 1443 KG c 1416	1394	5 Aug 1447	53
5 Aug 1447 to     4 Nov 1461		2	Henry Holand He was attainted and the peerage forfeited	27 Jun 1430	Sep 1475	45
18 Jun 1525 to     9 Jan 1539	M	1	Henry Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon Created Marquess of Exeter 18 Jun 1525 He was attainted and the peerage forfeited	c 1498	9 Jan 1539
4 May 1605	E	1	Thomas Cecil, 2nd Baron Burghley Created Earl of Exeter 4 May 1605 MP for Stamford 1562‑1581, Lincolnshire 1585‑1587 and Northamptonshire 1592‑1593; Lord Lieutenant Yorkshire 1599‑1603 and Northamptonshire 1603; KG 1601	5 May 1542	8 Feb 1623	80
8 Feb 1623		2	William Cecil Lord Lieutenant Northamptonshire 1623; KG 1630	Jan 1566	6 Jul 1640	74
6 Jul 1640		3	David Cecil MP for Peterborough 1640	c 1604	18 Apr 1643
18 Apr 1643		4	John Cecil Lord Lieutenant Northampton 1660‑1678	1628	18 Mar 1678	49
18 Mar 1678		5	John Cecil MP for Northamptonshire 1675‑1678	c 1648	29 Aug 1700
29 Aug 1700		6	John Cecil MP for Rutland 1695‑1700; Lord Lieutenant Rutland 1712‑1715	15 May 1674	24 Dec 1721	47
24 Dec 1721		7	John Cecil	c 1700	9 Apr 1722
9 Apr 1722		8	Brownlow Cecil MP for Stamford 1722	4 Aug 1701	3 Nov 1754	53
3 Nov 1754		9	Brownlow Cecil MP for Rutland 1747‑1754; Lord Lieutenant Rutland 1751‑1779	21 Sep 1725	26 Dec 1793	68
26 Dec 1793	M	10 1	Henry Cecil Created Marquess of Exeter 4 Feb 1801 MP for Stamford 1774‑1790 For further information on this peer's second wife, see the note at the foot of this page	14 Mar 1754	1 May 1804	50
1 May 1804		2	Brownlow Cecil Lord Lieutenant Rutland 1826‑1867 and Northampton 1842‑1867; KG 1827; PC 1841	2 Jul 1795	16 Jan 1867	71
16 Jan 1867		3	William Alleyne Cecil MP for Lincolnshire South 1847‑1857 and Northamptonshire North 1857‑1867; PC 1866	30 Apr 1825	14 Jul 1895	70
14 Jul 1895		4	Brownlow Henry George Cecil MP for Northamptonshire North 1877‑1895; PC 1891	20 Dec 1849	9 Apr 1898	48
9 Apr 1898		5	William Thomas Brownlow Cecil Lord Lieutenant Northampton 1922‑1952. KG 1937	27 Oct 1876	6 Aug 1956	79
6 Aug 1956		6	Sir David George Brownlow Cecil MP for Peterborough 1931‑1943; Governor of Bermuda 1943‑1945	9 Feb 1905	21 Oct 1981	76
21 Oct 1981		7	William Martin Alleyne Cecil	27 Apr 1909	12 Jan 1988	78
12 Jan 1988		8	William Michael Anthony Cecil	1 Sep 1935
EXMOUTH
1 Jun 1814 10 Dec 1816	B V	1 1	Sir Edward Pellew, 1st baronet Created Baron Exmouth 1 Jun 1814 and Viscount Exmouth 10 Dec 1816 MP for Barnstaple 1802‑1804 For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	19 Apr 1757	23 Jan 1833	75
23 Jan 1833		2	Pownoll Bastard Pellew MP for Launceston 1812‑1830	1 Jul 1786	3 Dec 1833	47
3 Dec 1833		3	Edward Pellew	14 Feb 1811	11 Feb 1876	64
11 Feb 1876		4	Edward Fleetwood John Pellew	24 Jun 1861	31 Oct 1899	38
31 Oct 1899		5	Edward Addington Hargreaves Pellew	12 Nov 1890	16 Aug 1922	31
16 Aug 1922		6	Henry Edward Pellew	26 Apr 1828	4 Feb 1923	94
4 Feb 1923		7	Charles Ernest Pellew	11 Mar 1863	7 Jun 1945	82
7 Jun 1945		8	Edward Irving Pownoll Pellew	2 May 1868	19 Aug 1951	83
19 Aug 1951		9	Pownoll Irving Edward Pellew	28 May 1908	2 Dec 1970	62
2 Dec 1970		10	Paul Edward Pellew	8 Oct 1940
EYRE
16 Jul 1768 to     30 Sep 1781	B[I]	1	John Eyre Created Baron Eyre 16 Jul 1768 MP [I] for Galway Borough 1748‑1768 Peerage extinct on his death For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	1720	30 Sep 1781	61
EYTHIN
28 Mar 1642 to     9 Jun 1652	B[S]	1	Sir James King Created Lord Eythin 28 Mar 1642 Peerage extinct on his death	1589	9 Jun 1652	62
EZRA
2 Feb 1983 to     22 Dec 2015	B[L]		Sir Derek Ezra Created Baron Ezra for life 2 Feb 1983 Peerage extinct on his death	23 Feb 1919	22 Dec 2015	96

	Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole (8 March 1881‑6 October 1929), 3rd son of the 4th Earl of Enniskillen (and father of the 6th Earl)
	Having joined the 10th Royal Hussars as a lieutenant in 1900, Cole went with his regiment to South Africa to fight in the Second Boer War. After being injured during the fighting, he made his way to the British East Africa Protectorate [now Kenya], where he took up farming. In 1911 he was charged with the killing of a native, whom Cole suspected had stolen one of his sheep. The following article appeared in the West Gippsland Gazette on 3 October 1911:-
	The charge against the Hon. Galbraith Lowry Cole, son of the Earl of Enniskillen, of killing a native in East Africa, of which he was found not guilty, was referred to in the House of Commons on Wednesday [9 August 1911] when Mr. [Thomas] Edmund Harvey [member for Leeds West] asked the Colonial Secretary:-
	"Whether his attention had been called to the trial at the Nakuru High Court Sessions of the Hon. Galbraith Cole for shooting and killing a native suspected of sheep stealing, and whether he would publish as a White Paper the observations and report of the Judge and the report of the governor on the trial."
	Mr. [Lewis] Harcourt [Secretary of State for the Colonies] replied "Yes, sir. The Governor of the East Africa Protectorate is sending a full report on the matter, and pending the receipt of his despatch I think it would be premature to make any statement."
	According to evidence brought out at the hearing before the Nakuru High Court, May 31, Mr. Cole had been losing a number of sheep through native thieves. On the night of April 9 [1911] a sheep was stolen. On the morning of the 11th he and his manager, Mr. Wright, and several boys set out to follow a clue, which led them to a hut in the bush three miles away.
	There they found three natives picking wool from a sheepskin. Two of the natives jumped up and ran into the forest. Mr. Cole fired at one and missed him, but hit him with the second shot. The second native escaped, but a third was caught by the boys in the hut. Mr. Cole ordered them to release the third native, and told him to look after the wounded man, whose name was Sionga.
	Inside the hut were found sheepskins and a quantity of wool. There were evidences of mutton having been cooked. Neither he nor his manager saw any honey or honey boxes.
	The two natives declared that they cooked no mutton and that they had seen no mutton fat. They admitted there was a quantity of wool in the hut, but insisted they had been collecting honey.
	Mr. P.C. Hudson, stationed at Nakaru, stated that he had found mutton fat at the camp, and also two places where sheep had been killed. He said that Mr. Cole had given him every assistance in his watch. Dr. Bodecker, the protectorate medical officer, stated that he had found bits of sheepskin in the hut.
	After a few minutes deliberation the [white] jury returned a verdict of not guilty and judgment was entered accordingly.
	Notwithstanding his acquittal, Cole was deported from the colony a few months later. The deportation order read as follows:-
	Whereas it has been shown to me, Sir Percy Cranwill Girouard, Governor of the East African Protectorate, by evidence upon oath that the Hon. Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole is conducting himself so as to be dangerous to peace and good order in East Africa, now therefore I, Sir Edward Percy Cranwill Girouard, Governor of the East African Protectorate, under the authority vested in me by Section 25 of the East African Order in Council, 1902, do hereby order that you, the said Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole, be deported from the Protectorate to the United Kingdom. Given under my hand and official seal this 5th day of September 1911. (signed) E.P.C. Girouard.
	At some point after his deportation Cole was permitted to return to Kenya, where he died "of a fever" according to newspaper reports, although other sources say that he shot himself.
	Iain Maxwell Erskine, 2nd and last Baron Erskine of Rerrick
	After his death from prostate cancer, the 2nd Baron Erskine of Rerrick was the subject of one of the more interesting obituaries to have been published in The Times (on 10 June 1995):-
	Little can be asserted with any great confidence about the life of the 2nd Lord Erskine of Rerrick. To take him at (his own) face value as "professional photographer, management consultant and director of companies" would involve being at odds with the known career of a man whose photographic oeuvre is, to say the least, less than widely-known and whose consultancies and directorships were held against a background of debt, bankruptcy and other tangible evidences of indigence.
	His "admitted links" to British intelligence inhabited a similar factual penumbra. To be sure, his name was often cropping up in circumstances suggesting profound and subtle depths of international espionage: Greville Wynne, Adil Nasir and Saddam Hussein were figures with whose affairs his name was linked in press stories from time to time. But when pushed, neither government spokesmen or leaders of the intelligence community ever seemed anxious to acknowledge their alleged servant. [Greville Wynne was a British spy arrested by the Russians in 1963 and later released in exchange for the Russian spy Gordon Lonsdale. Adil Nasir is a Turkish Cypriot, who was chief executive of Polly Peck, a textile company which collapsed in 1990 with debts of £1.3 billion. Nasir later fled to Cyprus, but returned to the UK in 2010 where he was subsequently sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment.]
	What can be stated with certainty is that Iain Maxwell Erskine was born the son of John Maxwell Erskine, who was to be created 1st Lord Erskine of Rerrick in 1964 after a distinguished career with the Commercial Bank of Scotland. Erskine senior was subsequently Governor of Northern Ireland, 1964‑68.
	Iain Erskine was educated at Harrow. In 1944 he was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards with whom he was to serve for the remainder of the war and thereafter in peacetime until 1963, retiring as a major.
	In that time his posts included that of Comptroller to the Governor‑General of New Zealand, 1960‑1962. Immediately after his retirement he took up the newly‑created post of public relations officer to the Household Brigade and when this appointment ended in 1965 went into public relations with the firm of CS Services.
	Thereafter, in the plethora of jobs which made up his CV, it was never possible quite to pinpoint where the thrust of his activities was. He was apparently involved in setting up the Advertising Standards Authority in 1965 and later emerged in such varied posts as Managing Director of Lonrho Iran, 1972‑73; chairman of Erskine Associates 1979‑82; and chairman of DK Financial Services (Dai-Ichi Kangyo), 1988‑89. He succeeded his father as Lord Erskine of Rerrick in 1980, though in the next 15 years he never took his seat in the House of Lords.
	Indeed, the 2nd Lord Erskine of Rerrick's life took on an increasingly itinerant quality. His habitual state was penury, though the casual observer, seeing his chalk stripe suits and otherwise immaculate turnout, would never have guessed this. Before the Gulf War he had apparently been used as an unofficial Foreign Office emissary to Saddam Hussein, with a view to extracting from the Iraqi dictator important details of the supergun. In 1993 after Asil Nadir fled from Britain to Cyprus, Erskine's name cropped up in connection with an alleged MI6 "dirty tricks" campaign against the Polly Peck tycoon.
	Erskine was by that time living in Cyprus himself. He had moved there, having been made bankrupt two years earlier after refusing to pay a £28,000 overdraft to the Royal Bank of Scotland. He always claimed the Bank (of which the Commercial Bank of Scotland, run by his father, had some years before become a part) was holding secret trusts worth half a million pounds which his father had established in his favour.
	He subsequently altered his will to specify that although his body was to be left for medical scientific purposes: "to the Royal Bank of Scotland I leave my balls, as they appear to have none of their own".
	In Cyprus he became further insolvent, running up a £2,000 overdraft and deciding to return to Britain after bailiffs closed in on his possessions in the island.
	A proposed new career as a photographer never amounted to much, but Erskine had sat on the committees of a number of institutions, notably the De  Havilland Aircraft Museum. He was also a trustee of the RAF  Museum (Bomber Command) and of the David Tolkein Trust, Stoke Mandeville Hospital.
	He was three times married, to Marie Elisabeth Allen in 1955 (dissolved 1964); to Maria Josephine Klupt, in 1974 (dissolved 1989); and, in 1993, to Debra, daughter of Gordon Knight. She survives him with the three daughters of the second marriage. There is no heir to the title.
	Frances Howard, Countess of Essex (1604‑1613) and later Countess of Somerset (1613‑1632) (31 May 1590‑23 August 1632)
	The following biography of Frances Howard and her role in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury appeared in the October 1956 issue of the Australian monthly magazine Parade:-
	The woman whose existence is bounded by an overwhelming, unreasoning, ruthless love, crops up time and again in history, trailing clouds of a half-poisonous enchantment, drawing a reluctant sympathy as well as horror from ordinary mortals. Such a one was Frances Howard, Countess of Essex, a Messalina by temperament if not in enterprise, who so madly loved a king's favourite in the early 17th century that she killed another to possess him.
	The years of this extraordinary woman's life from the age of 16 to 20 compose a blood-curdling story of passion, occultism, conspiracy and intrigue. Having failed to murder her first husband, the Earl of Essex, she divorced him by treachery, then went on to murder Sir Thomas Overbury, the best friend of her lover, Robert Carr. Her life was virtually over at 25, when, after two years of marriage to Carr, she was found guilty of murder. Her remaining 17 years were spent in prison and banishment with her love for Carr, and his for her, turned to such bitter black hatred that they loathed the sight of each other, and though condemned to share the same roof, lived as strangers.
	The personal accomplishments of Robert Carr which caused Frances Howard to abandon all restraints of decency or shame were those that endeared him to dour King James I, who elevated him in less than 10 years from an obscure position in the English court as the upstart son of a Scots knight to virtual dictatorship of England. He was a long, blond, lissom young man with all the social graces, all the attributes to turn a woman's head - and no brains at all. Not a little of his success was due to his friend, the brilliant lawyer, poet and essayist, Thomas Overbury.
	Far from being the innocent peaches-and-cream beauty she seemed, Frances was selfish and unbalanced, and almost from childhood had traffic with the charlatans who in her day and age combined the trades of panderer, poisoner and astrologer. Frances' poisoning of Overbury seems a futile act. But possibly his knowledge of her attempts to kill her husband, the young Earl of Essex, or the fear that he would be a hostile witness in the divorce suit she was bringing when the poison failed, drove her to this otherwise stupid murder, which was to drag her and Carr into lifelong misery.
	Overbury did not know the whole truth before he died in agony in The Tower, but he knew that Carr was a false friend. His bitter dying prophecy of retribution came true and was carried into succeeding generations of the offspring of the guilty couple. The daughter of Carr and Frances [Lady Anne Carr 1615̴1684] was brought up in ignorance of her parents' crime, and at 21 married the Earl of Bedford, who knew of the tragedy but shielded her from knowledge of it. Not long after her own son [William, Lord Russell] died on the scaffold [21 July 1683] she discovered a time-worn account of the trial of her parents. The reading of it broke her heart.
	Frances Howard belonged to the powerful Howard family, being the daughter of the Earl and Countess of Suffolk. In 1606 when Frances was 16 her mother married her off to Robert Devereux, 15-years-old third Earl of Essex, son of Queen Elizabeth's favourite. The marriage was a business bargain, designed to set the seal on property. Bride and groom parted immediately afterwards, the groom to travel abroad to complete his education. Frances of the long-lashed dark eyes and red-gold hair stayed at Court completing hers, under the guidance of her thoroughly immoral mother.
	She blossomed early into maturity, and rumour had it that her first lover was James I's elder son, Henry, Prince of Wales. A year or so later she fell in love with Robert Carr. He had been a page boy in the service of the Earl of Dunbar in Edinburgh when Thomas Overbury, then a law student of London's Middle Temple on a visit to Scotland, persuaded him to return with him to London. His good looks and charming manner were brought under the notice of the King at a tilting match when a spill from his horse tumbled him at the King's feet with a broken limb. James immediately made the boy his protégé, gave him lessons in Latin - to the court's derisive amusement - and undertook the advancement of his fortunes.
	He was about 21 and well on the way up as King James' "Sweet Robin", when his intrigue with Frances Howard, Countess of Essex, began. Carr and his lady began to meet secretly at secluded lodgings in London while Overbury lent his talents to writing Carr's love letters for him. By the time Essex returned to claim his bride after an absence of four years, she and Carr were irretrievably in love. At first, however, Carr resigned the lady to her husband, but Essex had inherited none of the lively qualities of his father, Queen Elizabeth's courtier. He was a solid, serious, virtuous young man, and while Frances had never liked him, she now began to loathe him. At her mother's insistence, she went to live with him in the country, but only to receive his endeavours to please with reproaches of "cow", "beast" and "coward".
	Secretly, through the assistance of a notorious charlatan, Mrs. [Anne] Turner [1576‑1615], she began a double scheme for winning back her lover, Carr, and getting rid of her husband, Essex. She won her lover back by a combination of natural means and the introduction of some "magic" nutmeg as a love potion into his wine. But in spite of repeated doses of poisoned powders and the burning of images and incantations, her spouse refused to be spirited out of the world.
	Overbury had continued to aid the liaison, but it had never occurred to him that Carr, now elevated to the title of Viscount Rochester, could be serious about Frances Howard, whom Overbury had never liked and who had always disliked and resented him. When Carr told him he was considering engineering a divorce for Frances so that he might marry her, Overbury was dumbfounded. He feared it would not only bar their friendship but, in view of James' strict views on women and matrimony, mean the loss of James' favour for them both. The two friends quarrelled. Overbury, always insolent, now grew overbearing. He insulted Frances, sneering to Carr that if "that filthy woman … went on in that business he should do well to look to his standing". To which Carr arrogantly replied that his "legs were strong enough to bear him up and that he should make him repent those speeches".
	The next string of events bears the hallmark of Frances' intriguing. Carr patched up his quarrel with Overbury, then, unknown to the unfortunate friend, engineered his commitment to the Tower on a trumped­up charge of disrespect to the King. With Overbury out of the way, Frances instituted divorce proceedings to rid herself of her husband Essex, on the score of his non-consummation of their marriage. A special committee of doctors and divines was appointed to adjudicate in the disgraceful proceedings. But still full of malice for the defeated Overbury kept in ignorance of these proceedings in the Tower, Frances set about encompassing his death. The conscienceless Carr was her ally.
	Pretending to be Overbury's good friend working to secure his release from confinement, he sent him a powder which he said would make him sick and that the sickness would be made a pretext for his release. Physicians sent him by Carr, however, then put Overbury on a diet of specially planned food, and Frances kindly took over the feeding of the invalid. Cook was Mrs. Turner, and the inspiration for the seasoning a quack named Dr. Thomas Franklin. The white salt used was arsenic; cantharides took the place of pepper, and the pork was spiced with a variety of poisons. A gaoler named Weston was employed to serve the poisoned food to the prisoner. The doses, however, were too small and Overbury's powerful constitution stood up remarkably to seven different kinds of poison constantly administered.
	At the end of two months of this treatment, by June, 1613, he was merely weak and ailing. Moreover, he was now bitterly hostile to Carr, who he at last realised was playing him false as regards his promises of release. He became threatening, reminding Carr that it was to him he owed both his fortune and reputation, while Carr had shown him no more human affection than "a colt in the park". "So then if you will deal thus wickedly with me I have provided that whether I die or live your name shall never die nor you cease to be the most odious man alive," Overbury wrote.
	On September 14, 1613, an apothecary's apprentice visited the sick prisoner and delivered the coup de grace - an enema of some corrosive sublimate so violent that it even blistered the skin. Overbury died the same day in agony. Three days later Frances got her divorce. It had been a long and sordid business. Essex admitted he had not been able to consummate their marriage, but claimed he was quite normal in his physical relations with other women. The Commissioners disagreed and it was decided to have the Lady Frances examined by a committee of noble ladies and midwives. Some reports say that the Countess under a pretence of modesty, having obtained leave to put on a veil when she was inspected, caused a young woman of her age and stature, dressed in her clothes, to stand the search in her place. At any rate, the examining midwives informed the Commission that the Lady Frances was fitted to bear children and was "a virgin uncorrupted".
	When notified by his "Sweet Robin" of his intention to wed the lovely Lady Essex, James suspected nothing and rather rejoiced that the most powerful family in the kingdom which had so often called his favourite an "upstart Scot" would now be embracing him as a kinsman. So that Carr's dignity should match his bride's, James created him Baron of Brancepeth and Earl of Somerset. The happy young couple were married at Christmas time, Frances in silver with her hair streaming over her shoulders as a symbol of her "maidenhood". The list of gorgeous wedding presents, topped by a gift of £10,000 from the king, was enormous, for there was not a man in London who could afford to offend the king's favourite and his bride. In the following June, James appointed Carr his Lord Chamberlain, with Suffolk, Frances' father, as Lord Treasurer. But despite this tremendous access of power, prestige and wealth, the newly-married Somersets did not seem to be happy.
	James began to notice that his favourite's ready smile had begun to fade and his temper to fray. He did not know that his favourite's wife was continually receiving letters and visits from strange individuals who complained of her debts to them, that she was becoming a nervous wreck and that her neuroticism was inducing a similar state in her husband. By the following summer there vague underground whisperings about the Somersets, and there suddenly rocketed to Royal favour a new young nobody, George Villiers [later Duke of Buckingham]. Away in France an apothecary's boy, about to die of fever, had confessed to having accepted a bribe to administer an injection of poison to Sir Thomas Overbury.
	When James heard the news he appointed a Commission of Inquiry. On October 17, 1615, the Commission requested the presence in London of Carr and his Countess. Carr was lodged in the Tower, while Frances, who was in the eighth month of her pregnancy, was ordered to remain at home in strict retirement. On November 15, the accomplices, Mrs. Turner, Weston the gaoler, Dr. Franklin and the Lieutenant of the Tower, were hanged at Tyburn. A month later Frances' daughter was born, and in March Frances, a thin, miserable wreck of a beauty, was moved into the Tower.
	Two months later, on May 24, 1616, Frances, Countess of Somerset, wearing a black wool gown, a black cap and ruff of white lawn, was tried in the Great Hall, Westminster. She pleaded guilty and in frozen silence heard the sentence of death pronounced. The next day Carr stood his trial. His plea of not guilty was unavailing, and he, too, was condemned to death. King James, fearful perhaps of what Carr might reveal on the gallows of the scandals of his court, commuted the sentences to life imprisonment in the Tower. They spent nearly eight weary years there, but in January, 1624, shortly before James died, he pardoned them both on condition they confined themselves to a house in the country.
	They lived beneath the same roof for another nine years, but their former love had turned to such hatred that they never spoke to each other again, even when Frances, after a long, lingering illness, died in 1632. Carr lived on as a semi-recluse for 13 years, dying in 1645 and finding a burial ground in St. Paul's, while Essex, the husband Frances had despised, became a distinguished Roundhead commander in the Civil War.
	Robert Edward de Vere Capell, 10th Earl of Essex (creation of 1661)
	The 10th Earl succeeded his third cousin once removed, the 9th Earl, in 1981, but he did not successfully prove his claim until 1989. The following article appeared in The Times of 30 May 1989. The article consistently refers to the earl as Lord Capell, whereas his correct title was Earl of Essex - the barony of Capell is merely a subsidiary title.
	A retired grocer will travel to London from Lancashire next month to take his seat in the House of Lords.
	It ends a ten-year search by Lord Capell, of Morecambe, who became curious when he found he shared the same name as the first Earl of Essex. Enquiries at Debrett's led Lord Capell and Mr. Hugh Montague‑Smith, the late editor, on a quest to uncover his ancestors.
	Lord Capell, a former Civil Servant and Royal Air Force flight sergeant, who, as Mr. Arthur [sic] Capell, was once employed by the Sainsbury grocery chain and was more recently a self-employed grocer, will be sworn in as the tenth Earl of Essex, Viscount Malden [and] Baron Capell.
	Lord Capell, aged 69, who retired eight years ago, said he was "very sensitive" about taking his seat on the independent cross-benches. "It is quite a thing to face. After all, I am just an ordinary man. But I am steeling myself to take my seat later this summer. Whether I shall attend regularly or not I do not know since I am retired and it is a long way to go."
	He said: "I have been to the House of Lords once as a guest of Lord Ingleby, who is a relative. But that was eight years ago when I knew I was likely to be the heir." Lord Capell will meet Lady Hylton-Foster, convenor of the independent cross-benches, and Sir John Sainty, Clerk of the Parliaments.
	After a tour of Parliament, he will hand in his writ of summons and take the oath at the Dispatch Box.
	Lord Capell's hunt involved tracing all the lines of heirs from the sixth earl, who died in 1892. It included contacting distant relatives throughout the world and collecting 80 signed documents.
	The line is not descended from Robert Devereux, second Earl of Essex, Queen Elizabeth I's favourite who was executed in the Tower of London. The title was revived in 1661 when Arthur Capell was created first Earl of Essex. However, the first Earl and his father, the first Baron Capell, suffered a similar fate. The first Earl, who was accused of involvement in the Rye House plot of 1683, was found in the Tower with his throat cut. His father had been taken to his execution from the same apartments.
	Lord Capell said: "I found about 15 males separated me from my title. But I found nobody left an heir who was entitled to the claim."
	After the 10th Earl's death in 2005, the following obituary appeared in The Telegraph of 18 June 2005:-
	The 10th Earl of Essex, who died on June 5 aged 85, was a Lancashire grocer so bemused by his success in confirming his claim to the earldom in 1981 after years of research that he was initially uncertain as to whether he would take his seat.
	Admitting that he was not politically minded, and that he could not see himself formulating laws his first reaction was to say: "I doubt if it would be right". He then took his wife for a drive in the country to see how she felt about taking up the title; but the new peer coped with the rush of publicity, leaving the bacon-slicer to take a call from Robin Day on The World at One and granting interviews to a stream of reporters with all the aplomb of one brought up in the rank.
	A month later, he descended on the House from his bungalow at Morecambe to a particularly warm welcome from the many hereditary members who were his distant kin. When the Crown Office officially accepted the claim eight years later, the new Lord Essex duly took his seat and became a regular attender until his wife became seriously ill; but he never cared to make a maiden speech.
	Robert Edward de Vere Capell was descended from the 2nd Lord Capel of Hadham, who became Earl of Essex in 1661 in recognition of his executed father's loyalty to the Crown; the title had been first created in 1140, and had then been created anew another seven times, on the last occasion for the dashing favourite of Queen Elizabeth I executed for treason in 1600 [1601].
	The earl created by Charles II became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and First Lord of the Treasury in 1679, before making the mistake of becoming involved in the Rye House Plot to assassinate the king; he was committed to the Tower of London, where he was found with his throat cut.
	His descendants proved more cautious, if less distinguished, bearers of the earldom, the viscountcy of Malden and the barony of Capell, whose family motto is Fide et fortitudine (By fidelity and fortitude).
	The second Earl was a soldier, Constable of the Tower and Gentleman of the Bedchamber under King William III. The 5th Earl was Recorder and High Steward of Leominster; the 7th Earl served in the Boer War and was ADC to King Edward VII; and the 9th Earl, educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge, was a farmer who commanded the 16th Airborne Division Signals Regiment of the T[erritorial] A[rmy] in 1948.
	Bob Capell was born on January 13 1920. His father, head parcel porter with the London and South Western Railway at Wimbledon, died when his son was three. Young Bob spent a brief period in an orphanage where he was bewildered to be told by the head that he would one day be Earl of Essex. But, as he remarked more than 50 years later when this was confirmed, he did not know what the life of an aristocrat was all about, and he never gave the matter much thought.
	As a boy his greatest interest was sport; he enjoyed gymnastics and boxing, was a keen Arsenal supporter and might have pursued a career in football had he not sustained an ankle injury.
	As a young man he worked at Sainsbury's first shop in Bournemouth, and then served during the war as an RAF physical training instructor with the rank of flight sergeant. It was while stationed at Morecambe that he met and married Doris Tomlinson, the daughter of a local grocer.
	On coming out of the service, he worked as a clerk in the Post Office savings department for 25 years, and then became a partner with his brother-in-law in the family grocery store. He retained his lithe figure into old age by playing badminton and tennis and tending his beloved garden.
	Bob Capell's interest in the peerage was stirred afresh when a friend sent a newspaper cutting claiming that the heir lived in America. Encouraged by his wife and son, he began his own inquiries in the belief that his claim was better.
	It involved him in a long correspondence with numerous, previously unknown, distant cousins in Britain, America and Australia; a breakthrough came when he obtained a formal declaration that none of the eight children of a great uncle - who had been sent to join the Indian Navy and then settled in Australia after running up debts at Oxford - had any heirs.
	Capell also discovered that he could claim kinship with seven holders of the title in the previous creations; the exception was its briefest holder, Henry VIII's minister, Thomas Cromwell.
	The 9th Earl died in 1981, and the editor of Burke's Peerage, Patrick Montague‑Smith, declared that Bob Capell, as a third cousin once removed, was the rightful successor through descent from the sixth Earl of Essex - though it took a further eight years before he was permitted to take his seat. No money came with the title, but the widow of the 8th Earl gave him some family silver.
	Viscount Malden, born in 1944, who was known as plain Mr Capell when he was deputy headmaster of Skerton County primary School, Lancashire, succeeds to the peerage. The heir is now William Jennings Capell of Yuba City, California, son of the American whose supposed claim started the 10th Earl on his quest for the title. He, too, is a retired grocer.
	The claim to the barony of Eure made in 1977
	The Times of 10 October 1977 contained the following report:-
	An Australian vicar has arrived in England to claim the dormant Barony of Eure. At first or even second glance that may not seem an introductory sentence to grab the reader's attention by the scruff of the neck and refuse to let it go before the bottom of the page. It suggests snobbery and genealogy-mania, the most boring of English vices to snobs not personally concerned in the genealogy. However, the claim has nice historical, constitutional, eccentric and sexist features.
	The last Lord Eure died in 1707. The Rev James Haldane-Stevenson, vicar of North Balwyn (a parish in Melbourne) claims that in 1652 the Government made a mistake in the descent of the title. He is taking the highly unusual step of petitioning the Queen under the Bill of Rights, claiming redress of tort by the Government in 1652. There is an agreeable historical irony in the complicating factor that the Government at that date consisted of the great Anti-King himself, Oliver Cromwell.
	The claim turns upon the question whether the Barony of Eure was created "in fee" (devolving on heirs general of either sex) or "by patent" (to male heirs only). Henry VIII granted the Baronies of Eure and Wharton in a hurry on the same day in September, 1544 [?], on the eve of his invasion of France. Because of the haste it is not clear whether he had created them in fee or by patent until a ruling by the House of Lords in 1916.
	In 1652 Lord Eure died. His closest relations were a pair of sisters who were his cousins. The King, the true fons honoris, was on his travels in exile. The Protector, who was notoriously lax about honorific matters, even allowing peers to sit in the House of Commons, passed over the females and allowed a more distant male cousin to succeed as Lord Eure. Apart from male chauvinism, there was good prudential reason for disinheriting the sisters. They were so insanely jealous of each other that, when they were left a house jointly, they could not agree to share it, and accordingly pulled it down and divided it stone by stone. When Charles II was restored, he granted the sisters the dignity of peers' daughters.
	In 1916 the House of Lords judged that the identical contemporary Barony of Wharton was in fee, devolving on women as well as men. What is sauce for the Wharton is sauce for the Eure. The title should have gone to the excitable sisters, whose nearest living descendant is the Rev. James Haldane‑Stevenson. He argues that the Act of 1927, which sets a limit of 100 years after which it becomes impossible to call a title out of abeyance, should not and cannot apply in this case, because the delay has been caused not by negligence of the family but by error of the Government.
	It does not matter greatly. There is no estate left. The family seat, Malton Hall in what used to be called County Durham, was demolished three centuries ago. Mr. Haldane‑Stevenson has announced that he will apply for the Liberal Whip, if he becomes translated into Lord Eure; and he has been welcomed as a potential recruit by Lord Wigoder, the Liberal Deputy Whip in the House of Lords. The unusual process will, in any case, untie an engaging little historical knot of no importance.
	Apart from a flurry of letters to newspapers, I cannot find any further movement in the progress of this claim. I'll let Patrick Montague‑Smith, the then editor of Debrett's Peerage have the last word in a letter to the Daily Telegraph of 2 August 1979:-
	Sir - I do not know whether the Rev. J.P. Haldane-Stevenson, claimant to the barony of Eure, considers this peerage to have been created with remainder to heirs male of the body (in which case it would be dormant or extinct) or by writ of summons (in which case it would be either dormant or abeyant). A peerage cannot both be dormant and abeyant.
	The Complete Peerage states that the Barony was created by Letters Patent in 1543/4, but not enrolled. Their editor in 1913 received a note from the deputy keeper of the records that the was created with remainder to the heirs male of the body; in which case, a claimant would have to be descended from the first lord in the male line.
	If the claimant is suggesting that the barony was created with remainder to heirs general, as was the decision of the House of Lords of the Barony of Wharton, it would have fallen into abeyance in 1652 on the death of the 5th baron as his heir presumptive had left two daughters. It passed, however, to the male heir and became extinct in 1707 on the death of his brother.
	I do not know whether the claimant is suggesting that he is the sole representative of one of these women, and the other line has died out. In that case he would merely have to prove his descent and there would be no question of abeyance. If, on the other hand, the peerage is in abeyance between two or more co-heirs, an appeal to the Sovereign to terminate this abeyance would be unsuccessful, because the House of Lords does not now consider appeal on peerages in abeyance for more than 100 years.
	I cannot see that a claim to a peerage, which is the responsibility of the House of Lords, is anything to do with the Government, the Commonwealth Conference or the European Commission on Human Rights [the claimant had threatened to take his case to the latter two bodies].
	The reader is also urged to read this note in conjunction with that under the barony of Wharton.
	Sarah, 2nd wife of the 10th Earl and 1st Marquess of Exeter
	Henry Cecil married, for the first time, on 23 May 1776, Emma Vernon, a rich heiress of the Vernons of Hanbury, Worcestershire. After an unhappy marriage, the union finally ended in divorce. Cecil was reputed to have been totally disillusioned by the failure of his marriage and he sold off or carried away all of his possessions which were not Vernon family heirlooms.
	He resolved to cut himself off from the artificial attractions of his wealth and rank and took himself off to a remote corner of Shropshire, to a small village near Newport named Bolas. Here he took up residence in the local inn. Because of the obscurity of his background and his possession of ample money, local gossip soon had it that he was connected with smugglers and that he had come by his money by dishonesty. Tiring of such gossip, he left the inn and became a tenant of a local farmer, Mr Hoggins. He also purchased some land and began to build a house, but, given the local suspicions, it was only by offering to pay the workmen up front that they would agree to undertake the work.
	While the house was being built, Cecil fell deeply in love with Sarah, the daughter of his landlord. He resolved to make her his wife and asked her parents for their consent, which was duly given. After the marriage, Cecil arranged for various masters to instruct his new wife in all manner of subjects and within a year she was an accomplished woman.
	When he heard that he had succeeded his uncle to the Earldom of Exeter in late 1793, he set off for the family home. During the journey, he called at the seats of several noblemen, where he was, to his wife's astonishment, welcomed in the most friendly manner. At last, they reached Burleigh, the magnificent home of the Cecils. On approaching the house, Cecil nonchalantly asked his wife whether she would like to live there. 'Oh yes', exclaimed Sarah, 'it is indeed a lovely spot, exceeding all I have seen, and making me almost envy its possessors'. 'Well then', said the Earl, 'it is yours'.
	As soon as the Earl had settled his affairs, he returned to Bolas where he revealed his real rank and wealth to Sarah's parents, gave them the house that he had built and settled an income of £700 a year upon them.
	Unfortunately, Sarah, who was known as the "Peasant Countess", died in January 1797, having given Cecil two sons and a daughter. She died shortly after the birth of her second son, and would only have been about 23 at the time of her death. The story of the marriage of the Earl and Sarah forms the subject of Lord Tennyson's poem The Lord of Burleigh which can be found online.
	Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
	Exmouth was a naval officer who rose to the rank of Admiral. He entered the Royal Navy in 1770, at the age of 13, and saw action during the American Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic Wars, rising steadily through the ranks until he was appointed Commander in Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet in 1814. In the same year, he was created Baron Exmouth, and in 1816 was appointed to lead a naval expedition to suppress slavery and to free Europeans who had been captured by the Barbary pirates. His expedition was successful in freeing more than 3000 slaves and, for a brief time, Christian slavery along the Barbary Coast was suppressed.
	The following account of the bombardment of Algiers appeared in the March 1959 issue of the Australian monthly magazine Parade:-
	On the sultry evening of August 27, 1816, British Consul McDonell lay half-naked in a pit near the palace of the ferocious Dey of Algiers. He was heavily loaded with chains which were riveted to the walls. For companions he had two murderers, similarly pinioned, with whom he had been assured he would be ceremonially beheaded on the following day, if he survived. There was great doubt whether any of them would see the dawn for the whole of Algiers was shaking under the most remorseless naval bombardment in history. Ten thousand dwelling houses were falling into rubble while over all was the fierce glare of fire from the burning arsenal.
	The bombardment was the vengeance of Britain for an atrocious massacre and a sign of her determination to put down forever the noxious trade of Christian slavery. For centuries, the pirates of the Barbary Coast had plundered Mediterranean countries at will, seizing Christian slaves for harems and galleys. At one time, there were 25,000 Christian slaves in Algiers alone. They were driven like cattle for sale in the market.
	As soon as the Napoleonic wars ended, Britain decided to persuade the pirates by gold and diplomacy, if possible, to release their Christian slaves and abandon slavery. She chose for the delicate mission Edward Pellew, Baron Exmouth, Naval Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean. Lord Exmouth went straight to the most blood­thirsty potentate on the coast, Omar, Dey of Algiers, who, despite Exmouth's squadron of 14 ships, including five battleships, received him insolently. After hours of haggling, Exmouth was forced to pay the Dey 1000 Spanish dollars each for 357 Sicilian and Neapolitan slaves and 500 dollars each for 51 Sardinians. The condition of the slaves, as they were taken to the transport, sickened and shocked Exmouth. Men and women of all ages, and even children, bore the scars of cruel floggings. Weak and emaciated, they could hardly hobble, while most had festering sores on wrists and legs where iron chains had bitten deeply into the flesh. As one man, they fell on their knees in prayer before their embarrassed British deliverers and tried to kiss their hands.
	Convinced that sooner or later outright war would be needed to smash the Dey of Algiers, Exmouth ordered Captain Warde, of the Banterer, to make a secret survey of the port. Every gun was plotted. Soundings were made at night. Exmouth sailed Algiers on April 7 for Tunis to ransom more Christians. He found the Tunis Bey more amiable than the Algerian Omer Dey, for he was made comfortable on a divan and regaled with coffee and sherbet. The Bey was a fat Turk, noted for his gluttony and his huge harem of beautiful slave girls. It was said that the only time he ever exerted himself was when he got out of bed to strangle his predecessor. He willingly ransomed 524 slaves and freed a further 257 without ransom, including Christian girls from his harem. Finally he signed a pact abolishing slavery within his jurisdiction. The Bey of Tripoli was equally obliging. He released 414 Neapolitans and Sicilians for a gift of 50,000 dollars, and also signed an anti-slave pact.
	Flushed with success, Exmouth returned to Algiers with the intention of bluffing or bullying the Dey into a similar treaty and forcing him to surrender the slaves he still held. He ran straight into a hornet's nest. The Dey and his ministers laughed and jeered at his angry threats to destroy the port. When he announced that Britain would break off diplomatic relations and made for the docks with the British Consul, Mr. McDonell, the Dey construed it as a declaration of war. He called out the mob, who surrounded the British party and seized the Consul. Two of Exmouth's officers were dragged from horses, robbed, and marched through the streets with their hands tied behind them. Exmouth himself and the Consul were saved by a last-minute order of the Dey that they be allowed to proceed unharmed.
	Only an unfavorable wind prevented the irate Exmouth from opening fire on Algiers at once, while the Dey put the city on a war footing, called in troops from district outposts, and sent horsemen to Oran and Bona with instructions to gaol all Britons. Then he took the wind out of Exmouth's sails by offering to send an ambassador to London to discuss the whole slave question. Exmouth accepted. Consul McDonell returned to his consulate. Hardly had the British squadron cleared port, however, than the Algerines turned savagely on all Britons and British interests.
	For years Britain had held a charter to exploit the coral fisheries off Buna. The leases were worked by Corsicans, Sardinians and Sicilians, who enjoyed British protection. On Ascension Day (May 23), about 600 of the fishermen went to church ashore. While they were at worship, the Dey's horsemen arrived with false news of war with Britain. With a ferocity rarely paralleled, the Moors turned on the Christian worshippers. They hacked and murdered in a frenzy of hatred until more than 200 of the fishermen had been massacred and scores more wounded.
	News of the massacre reached England as Exmouth was paying off his crews. He was ordered to return at once to exact vengeance. Though offered the entire Mediterranean fleet, Exmouth insisted that he needed only five great battleships and their supporting frigates. The British Admiralty were staggered by these modest demands, for Nelson had estimated a few years earlier that a fleet of at least 25 great ships would be needed to burn the pirates from Algiers. Exmouth's survey, however, had convinced him that too many ships would hamper operations. He chose the Queen Charlotte (100 guns) as his flagship, supported by the Impregnable (98 guns), three 74-gun ships, one 50, with frigates and supply ships - in all 470 guns.
	Algiers, a walled city on a hillside, facing the Mediterranean, bristled with 500 heavy guns. The most formidable were on a concrete mole about 300 yards offshore on the end of a T‑shaped artificial harbour. Inside the harbour were four Algerine frigates, five large corvettes and 37 gun-boats with additional cannon. Forty thousand troops manned the defences, while as a reserve Omar Dey ordered every able­bodied man to take part in the defence on pain of death.
	At Gibraltar, the commander of a Dutch squadron [Vice-Admiral Theodorus Frederik van Capellen 1762‑1824] asked permission to join in the attack, Exmouth accepted, thus adding five frigates and a corvette to his strength. Meanwhile, the sloop Prometheus, which had gone to Algiers to evacuate McDonell and his family, returned with the news that McDonell and 18 members of Prometheus' crew had been arrested and thrown into dungeons. McDonell's wife and daughter had escaped to the ship disguised as midshipmen. The 18 men had been arrested while trying to smuggle McDonell's baby aboard in a fruit case. The Dey restored the baby to its mother, but held the men, whom it had betrayed by crying.
	Exmouth arrived off Algiers at daybreak on August 27. At 11 a.m. he sent a party ashore under a flag of truce to demand the surrender of the Consul and the men of the Prometheus before 2 p.m. When there was no reply, the squadron sailed into Algiers harbour. Without a shot being fired by either side, Exmouth sailed the Queen Charlotte to within 50 yards of the big guns on the mole and calmly dropped anchor. They were so close that the British gunners could see the swarthy faces of the enemy peering over the muzzles of their guns. Not a shot was fired as the British vessels warped themselves into position at point­blank range.
	Curiously, thousands of Algerines milled on the mole to watch the spectacle, presenting an ideal target. They were entranced when they heard the British, as was their habit before action, give three cheers for the enemy. Then a nervy Algerine gun crew fired a shot through the Charlotte's rigging. With a roar that could be heard 60 miles away, every ship and every gun ashore belched fire. Before Queen Charlotte opened fire, Lord Exmouth himself waved to the milling crowd to take cover. They did not heed him, and it is estimated that the first few broadsides killed 300 of them and maimed 200 more.
	For eight hours the bombardment continued. Abandoning any order of fire the British gunners loaded and reloaded as fast as they could work their guns. They burned up 118 tons of gunpowder, fired 50,000 shot weighing 500 tons, as well as 1000 shells and hundreds of rockets. At the height of the battle, the portly Lord Exmouth ran about the deck with a white handkerchief tied round his waist, a little round hat on the back of his head, and a telescope under his arm, bawling orders and skipping about like a middy. He suffered only two slight wounds, which was considered miraculous, for "his coat was slit by musket balls as if someone had been slashing at it with a pair of scissors".
	When at last he called a halt to conserve his rapidly dwindling ammunition, Algiers was in a pitiful condition. The mole was wrecked; its guns silent. Ships in the harbour, arsenals and store houses were ablaze. Ten thousand dwelling houses had been smashed to rubble or were in flames, while 6000 Moors and Algerines had been slain. Of the 6500 men under Exmouth's command, 128 had been killed and 690 wounded. The Dutch lost 13 killed and 52 wounded.
	While the smoke of many fires still hung over the city, Exmouth called on the Dey to surrender. His terms, presented by an intrepid Egyptian interpreter named Salami, were the release of Christian slaves still held in Algiers, total abolition of slavery, and the return of 400,000 dollars Exmouth had paid for ransom some months before. Sitting cross-legged on a divan at the palace, sullenly smoking a pipe and stroking his beard, the Dey contemplated defiance till his counsellors reminded him that his defences were a mass of rubble and twisted iron. Then he yielded. Immediately the chains were struck from 1642 Christian slaves, bringing the total liberated by Exmouth to more than 3000. McDonell was the first to be freed from his pit. Exmouth forced the Dey to apologise to the Consul before his Ministers and pay him 30,000 dollars. It was about the [last] public act of the Dey. A few weeks later, he was strangled by his generals.
	John Eyre, Baron Eyre
	The following is extracted from The Emperor of the United States of America and Other Magnificent British Eccentrics by Catherine Caufield (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1981)
	Lord Eyre … lived in a castle with windows that did not open, owned not one book, and presided at table every day from early afternoon to bedtime, working his way through great quantities of food and claret. The food, which never varied, was presented in a way that discouraged some guests; a slaughtered ox was hung up whole and diners were expected to help themselves.

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