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KNIGHTS AND DAMES |
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INTRODUCTION |
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This page is dedicated to my all-time favourite
knight, Sir Thomas Tom of Appledore. |
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Eligibility for inclusion |
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The aim of these pages is to list all men and
women who have been made a Knight or a Dame in any country which is a member
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the British Commonwealth of Nations since the
accession of Queen Victoria to the throne of the United Kingdom in 1837.
These nations |
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include
the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda,
and St. Lucia, each of which retains orders of |
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knighthood
under various names. Therefore, any person who is entitled to the appellation
"Sir" or "Dame" under any of these orders is |
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eligible for inclusion in these pages. |
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Sources and acknowledgments |
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The primary source for knights prior to the end
of 1904 is "The Knights of England" compiled by William Arthur
Shaw, published in 1906. |
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Since
that time, I have relied on a number of sources, the most important of which
are the various Gazettes (i.e. the London, |
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Edinburgh, Dublin (until 1921) and the Belfast
(after 1921) Gazettes, which are the official journals of record of the
British Government. |
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Other primary sources include the various
editions of "Who's Who" and "Who Was Who", together with
correspondence with various |
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official
government departments in other Commonwealth countries. For Knights Bachelor,
I have relied heavily upon my collection of |
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the various editions of the listings published
by the Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor. |
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Neither
the Gazettes or Who's Who/Who Was Who, when taken in isolation, will provide
complete listings. For example, I have come |
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across many names of knights or dames in Who's
Who/Who Was Who whose appointment as knights or dames I have been unable to |
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find in the Gazettes. Conversely, some knights
or dames have never appeared in Who's Who, generally because they are members
of |
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orders
of knighthood of Commonwealth countries other than the United Kingdom and are
not therefore noticed by "Who's Who", or are |
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due simply to a desire for anonymity. |
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I also gratefully acknowledge the assistance of
my friend James Lockwood in filling in many gaps in dates of birth and death. |
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The various Orders of Knighthood |
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The United Kingdom |
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The following orders of knighthood are shown in
order of descending precedence:- |
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The Most Noble Order of the Garter |
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The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the
Thistle |
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The Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick |
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Members
of these orders are already listed on my pages under "Orders of
Chivalry" and are therefore generally not included in the |
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pages devoted to knights and dames. However, if
a person received various knighthoods prior to being appointed to the Garter
or to |
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the Thistle, his or her appointment to these
orders is included for the sake of completeness. See, for example, Sir
Anthony Acland. |
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Conversely, if a person's only appointment as a
knight or dame is to one of these orders (for example Sir John Major), they
will not |
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be included in these listings. |
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The Most Honourable Order of the Bath |
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The
Most Honourable Order of the Bath was founded by George I on 18 May 1725.
From that date until 2 January 1815, the Order |
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consisted of a single class - Knight Companion
of the Bath (KB) - which no longer exists. Since 1815 the Order has consisted
of |
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three classes of members, being Knights or
Dames Grand Cross (GCB),
Knights or Dames Commander (KCB/DCB) and Companions (CB). |
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The Order is divided into two divisions,
Military and Civil. Recipients of the Military division are now usually
senior military officers, |
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while
recipients of the Civil division are usually senior civil servants. The Order
was opened to women in 1971 with the first female |
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member - Dame Mildred Riddelsdell - appointed
on 1 January 1972. |
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The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India |
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This Order was instituted by Queen Victoria by
Letters Patent dated 23 February 1861, which were gazetted on 25 June 1861.
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gazette notice reads in part "The Queen,
being desirous of affording to the Princes, Chiefs and People of the Indian
Empire, a public |
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and signal testimony of Her regard, by the
Institution of an Order of knighthood, whereby Her resolution to take upon
herself the |
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Government of the Territories of India may be
commemorated, and by which Her Majesty may be enabled to reward conspicuous
merit |
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and loyalty, has been graciously pleased, by
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, to |
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institute,
erect, constitute, and create, an Order of Knighthood, to be known by, and
have for ever hereafter, the name, style, and |
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designation, of the "Most Exalted Order of
the Star of India." |
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The original Order had only one class - Knights
of the Order of the Star of India (KSI). However, the Order was completely remodelled |
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by Letters Patent dated 28 March 1866 (gazetted
25 May 1866). In its new form, the Order consisted of three classes - Knights
Grand |
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Commander (GCSI), Knights Commander (KCSI) and Companions (CSI). At the same time, all existing
Knights of the Order became |
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Knights Grand Commander of the remodelled
Order. The word "Commander" was chosen instead of the more normal
"Knight Grand Cross" |
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so as to not offend non-Christian recipients. |
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It is interesting to note that one of the
original knights was a female, the Begum of Bhopal, and that two of her
successors were also |
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knighted
under the same Order. Women, apart from princely rulers, were ineligible for
appointment to the Order, but the Begum was |
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appointed as a princely ruler. In 1911, the
Order's statutes were amended to allow the appointment of Queen Mary as a
Knight Grand |
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Commander. |
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The
last appointments to the Order were made in the 1948 New Year's Honours.
There are currently no living members - the last |
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member, the Maharaja of Alwar, died in 2011.
Since the Order has never been officially abolished, it is now considered as
being |
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dormant. |
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The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael
and Saint George |
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This Order was established on 28 Apr 1818 by
the Prince Regent, later King George IV. It was originally established to
reward "natives |
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of the Ionian Islands and of the island of
Malta and its dependencies, and for such other subjects as His Majesty as may
hold high and |
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confidential situations in the
Mediterranean." In 1864, following the ceding of the Ionian Islands to
Greece, it became necessary to |
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remodel
the Order, so as to expand its scope to the British colonies in general. As a
result, appointments to the Order are now |
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generally made up of colonial governors and
politicians, together with senior diplomats and members of the Foreign and
Commonwealth |
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Office. |
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The Order comprises three classes - Knight or
Dame Grand Cross (GCMG),
Knight or Dame Commander (KCMG/DCMG) and |
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Commander (CMG). |
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The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire |
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Queen Victoria established this Order on 1
January 1878 to reward services rendered to the Indian Empire by British and
native officials |
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serving in India. Initially, it consisted of
one class only - Companions, who were not Knights. On 15 Feb 1887, the Order
was divided |
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into two classes - Knights Commanders and
Companions. Shortly thereafter, in June 1887, the Order was again amended so
as to |
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consist of three classes - Knights Grand
Commander (GCIE),
Knights Commander (KCIE) and Companions (CIE). |
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Appointments to the Order ceased after Indian
independence, and, although never formally abolished, following the death of
the last |
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member, the Maharaja of Dhrangadhra in August
2010, this Order is now considered to be dormant. |
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The Royal Victorian Order |
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Toward the close of the 19th century, most
honours within the British Empire were granted by the sovereign on the advice
of his or |
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her ministers, including dominions and
colonies. On 21 April 1896 Queen Victoria established the Royal Victorian
Order, with its statutes |
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providing that the members were to be
"such persons, being subjects of our Crown, as may have rendered or
shall hereafter render |
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extraordinary or important or personal services
to Us, our heirs and successors, who have merited or may hereafter merit our
royal |
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favour, or any persons who may hereafter be
appointed officers of this Royal Order." |
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The Order originally consisted of five classes
- Knights and Dames Grand Cross (GCVO), Knights and Dames Commander (KCVO/ |
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DCVO), Commanders (CVO),
and Members of the 4th and 5th classes (MVO). In 1984, Members of the 4th
class became Lieutenants |
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with the post-nominal letters of LVO. |
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The
Royal Victorian Order remains entirely within the Queen's personal gift. It
has been open to foreigners since inception, and |
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honorary awards are frequently made during
state visits by the sovereign to overseas countries, or during visits by
overseas |
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leaders
to the United Kingdom. |
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The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire |
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The Order of the British Empire was established
on 4 June 1917 by King George V, who recognised the need for a new award |
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which could be more widely awarded, in
recognition of the large numbers of people in the United Kingdom and other
parts of the |
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British
Empire who had contributed to the war effort in non-combatant roles. |
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The Order consists of five classes - Knights
and Dames Grand Cross (GBE), Knights and Dames Commander (KBE/DBE), |
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Commander (CBE), Officer (OBE) and Member
(MBE). |
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When first established, the Order consisted of
only one division. However, on 27 December 1918, the Order was divided into
Military |
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and Civil Divisions. |
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Knight Bachelor |
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Knights Bachelor are the oldest but lowest rank
of knights in the British honours system. A Knight Bachelor is not a member of an |
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Order
of Chivalry, unlike members of each of the other orders of knighthood
outlined above. |
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There
is no female equivalent of a Knight Bachelor. The lowest honour that can be
bestowed upon a woman is a Dame Commander of |
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the British Empire (DBE) which technically is
one rank higher than a Knight Bachelor. In addition, a foreigner can be
appointed as an |
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Honorary knight in any of the existing Orders
of Chivalry (Garter, Thistle, Bath, St. Michael and St. George, Royal
Victorian Order and |
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British Empire) but cannot be appointed as an
honorary Knight Bachelor. |
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By tradition, members of the clergy receiving a
knighthood are not dubbed as knights, as the use of a sword in the dubbing
ceremony |
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is thought to be innappropriate to their
calling. As a result, they are not able to use the title "Sir." |
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Honorary knights and dames |
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As noted above, each of the Orders of Chivalry
(but not Knights Bachelor) have had reasonably large numbers of Honorary
Knights |
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and Dames appointed to these respective Orders.
These awards are generally made to citizens of countries that are not part of |
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the British Commonwealth. Recipients of such
honorary awards cannot use the pre-nominal syle of "Sir" or
"Dame." If an award was |
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made to a person at the time when his country
of citizenship was a member of the Commonwealth, then the subsequent
departure of |
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that country from the Commonwealth does not
affect that person's right to the title. Conversely, when a person awarded an
honorary |
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knighthood later becomes a citizen of the
Commonwealth then the honorary award usually becomes substantive - for
example, Sir |
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Terry
Wogan who was made an honorary KBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 2005.
This award was made substantive later that |
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year when he became a dual British-Irish
citizen. |
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Honours systems in other Commonwealth countries |
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Canada |
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Prior to Confederation in 1867, British
Imperial honours were awarded by the Crown on the advice of the British Prime
Minister, or on |
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the
recommendation of the colonial governors of what was then British North
America. After Confederation, the Prime Minister of |
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Canada submitted, via the Governor General, a
list of names for consideration. However, the Governor General also continued
to |
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recommend individuals for honours without the
knowledge or approval of the Prime Minister, a practice which sometimes led
to conflict |
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between the
Governor General and the Prime Minister. |
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Public
opinion gradually turned against the continued awarding of Imperial honours.
The awarding of a knighthood to Samuel Hughes |
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in 1915 caused great controversy, culminating
in 1917 when Sir Hugh Graham, a newspaper publisher, was created Baron
Atholstan. |
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The granting of this peerage was made against
the advice of both the Governor General and the Canadian Prime Minister, and
was |
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viewed
by the Canadian public as seemingly without merit, particularly as it came at
a time when rumours regarding Lloyd George's |
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sales of honours were
starting to circulate. |
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In 1917 William Folger Nickle, a Conservative
MP in the Canadian House of Commons, successfully moved a resolution calling
for an |
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address to be made to King George V requesting
that he no longer grant hereditary peerages to Canadians. The resolution was
never |
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sent to the Canadian Senate, and thus no
address to the King was made. Following the establishment of the Order of the
British |
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Empire, Nickle put a further resolution to the
House, and it was decided that the King should be asked to cease conferring
"any title |
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of honour or titular distinction." Again,
the resolution was not forwarded to the Senate and therefore never became
legally binding. |
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However, it established a policy precedent. |
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This precedent was overturned for a brief
period between 1933 and 1935 during the government of Richard Bennett, when a
number |
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of Canadians were granted knighthoods. After
William Lyon Mackenzie King returned as Prime Minister in 1935, the precedent
set by |
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Bennett's government was ignored and the former
policy of no titles was resumed and has been in effect ever since. |
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As is usually the case, there have, however,
been some anomalies. Sir James Hamet Dunn was created a baronet in 1921; Sir
William |
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Stephenson was knighted in 1945 and Vincent
Massey (Governor General of Canada 1952-1959) was made a Companion of Honour
in |
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in 1946 and received the Royal Victorian Chain
in 1960, although neither of these awards carried with it the appellation of
"Sir." |
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Similarly, Pierre Trudeau was made a Companion
of Honour in 1984. |
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Dual
citizenship of Canada and Britain was been allowed since 1977. Since that
time, a number of dual citizens (for example the MP |
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Sir Bryant Godman Irvine and Sir Conrad Swan)
received knighthoods. On the other hand, in order to receive a life peerage,
Conrad |
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Black was forced to relinquish his Canadian
citizenship in 2001. |
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Australia |
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The Australian Commonwealth and each of its
constituent states originally used the Imperial Honours system. In 1975, the
ruling |
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Australian Labor Party created the Order of
Australia, which has now entirely replaced the Imperial system. Commonwealth- |
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recommended awards continued under the Fraser
Liberal government until 1983, but these ceased with the election of the
Hawke |
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Labor government in that year. Two States
(Queensland and Tasmania) continued to make Imperial recommendations until
1989 but |
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the defeat of both of those states' governments
in that year marked the end of Australian recommendations for Imperial
awards. |
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The Order of Australia was established by
Letters Patent on 14 February 1975. It originally consisted of three grades -
Companion (AC), |
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Officer (AO) and Member (AM), and two divisions
- Civil and Military. The Order was re-modelled in May 1976, with two new
grades |
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being added - Knight or Dame (AK or AD) as the highest
grade and Medal of the Order (OAM) as the lowest. |
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Following the election of the Hawke Labour
government in 1983, the Queen was advised to abolish the Knight/Dame grade,
which |
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occurred on 3 March 1986. This revocation had
no effect upon existing Knights and Dames. The Knight/Dame grade was restored
in |
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March 2014, and led to a huge controversy in
Australia when Prime Minister Abbott granted a Knighthood of the Order of
Australia to |
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Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. After Abbott
was replaced as Prime Minister in September 2015, his successor, Malcolm
Turnbull, a |
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staunch republican, on 2 November 2015
announced that the grade of Knight or Dame was to be discontinued. |
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New Zealand |
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Prior to 30 May 1996, New Zealanders received
knighthoods or damehoods from each of the existing British orders. After that
date, |
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appointments
have been made to the New Zealand Order of Merit. On 23 January 1995, the
then Prime Minister of New Zealand, Jim |
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Bolger, established an Advisory Committee on
the Royal Honours system. The terms of reference for the Committee were
"to consider |
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and
present options and suggestions on the structure of a New Zealand Royal
Honours system, which is designed to recognize |
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meritorious
service, gallantry and bravery and long service." Specifically, the
Committee was to review "the purpose and coverage of |
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the
current honours system; the appropriateness of the current honours system of
a mix of traditional (i.e. British or Imperial) and |
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indigenous Royal Honours; whether new honours
and awards should be instituted and whether either or both of the existing
indigenous |
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Orders (i.e. the Order of New Zealand, which
was modelled on the British Order of Merit and the Order of the Companions of
Honour, |
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including
the lack of automatic appellations of "Sir" or "Dame",
and the Queen's Service Order) should be modified; whether certain |
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honours should or should not be titular (i.e.
carry the appellation of "Sir" or "Dame"), or some other
appellation; and other significant |
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aspects of the honours system, for example,
timing, frequency, nominations for and number of awards." |
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The Committee released its report on 21
September 1995. It recommended that existing British awards be replaced by a
New Zealand |
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Order of Merit. No titles ("Sir" or
"Dame") would be awarded under the Order, and the only British
awards which it recommended should |
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continue
would be those in the personal gift of the Queen - i.e. the Orders of the
Garter and the Thistle, the Order of Merit and the |
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Royal Victorian Order. |
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The New Zealand Order of Merit was established
on 30 May 1996. The Order initially contained five levels - Knight or Dame
Grand |
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Companion (GNZM), Knight or Dame Companion (KNZM/DNZM), Companion (CNZM), Officer (ONZM) and Member (MNZM). Note
that |
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titles of "Sir" and "Dame"
were retained, notwithstanding the recommendation of the Committee. |
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On 10 April 2000, the then Prime Minister of
New Zealand, Helen Clark, announced that the Queen had approved the
recommendation |
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of
her government to discontinue in future the titles of "Sir" and
"Dame" in the New Zealand Honours system. As a result, the two |
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highest
levels of the Order were re-named, with Knights or Dames Grand Companions
becoming Principal Companions (PCNZM) and |
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Knights or Dames Companions becoming
Distinguished Companions (DCNZM). Neither of these two re-named levels
carried with them |
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the appellation of "Sir" or
"Dame", although the existing Knights and Dames of these two levels
were permitted to retain their |
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titles. |
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On 23 March 2009, the Queen signed an Amending
Royal Warrant, which provided for:- |
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* the reinstatement of titles at the two
highest levels of the Order - i.e. Knight and Dame Grand Companion (GNZM) and
Knight or |
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Dame
Companion (KNZM/DNZM) replacing Principal Companions and Distinguished
Companions respectively |
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* the opportunity for Principal and
Distinguished Companions of the Order to elect to be redesignated within the
Order as Knights |
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or
Dames Grand Companion and Knights or Dames Companion respectively |
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* the opportunity for those Principal and
Distinguished Companions of the Order who already enjoyed a title in another
Order of |
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Chivalry, or as a Knight Bachelor, to be redesignated within the New
Zealand Order of Merit as a Knight or a Dame [I am not aware |
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that
anyone availed themselves of this opportunity.] |
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* an opportunity for the small number of widows
of deceased former Principal and Distinguished Companions of the Order to
elect to |
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use
the courtesy title of "Lady" for the rest of their lives. Three
widows took advantage of this opportunity. |
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* those who elected not to accept a title to
remain Principal or Distinguished Companions of the Order, and to retain
their existing |
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privileges and styles. |
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As
at March 2009, 85 men and women who had been appointed as Principal or
Distinguished Companions of the Order between |
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April 2000 and March 2009 were still alive. Of
these 85, 72 elected to avail themselves of the opportunity to be
redesignated as |
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Knights or Dames. For the purposes of this
listing each of the redesignated Knights and Dames shows the date of their
respective |
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creations as being the date of such
redesignation, which in all cases except two was 1 August 2009. The two
exceptions were Sir |
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Anand
Satyanand, who was Chancellor of the Order by virtue of his office as
Governor General of New Zealand (redesignated 27 |
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March 2009), and Dame Heather Begg, whose
redesignation on 17 Apr 2009 had been brought forward due to her advanced
illness. |
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She died less than a month later. In all cases,
where such a redesignation occurred, the original date of appointment as a
Principal or |
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Distinguished Companion is included as part of
the forenames of the respective Knight or Dame. |
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South Africa |
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The British Honours system was used in South
Africa up until the election of the Hertzog National Party government in
1924. No awards |
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have been made since that time. |
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Barbados |
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The British Honours system was used in Barbados
until 1980, when the Order of Barbados was instituted under Royal Letters
Patent |
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dated 27 July of that year. The Order consists
of four classes, two of which are awarded in two grades. The highest class is
the Knight |
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or Dame of St. Andrew (KA
or DA), which is awarded for
"extraordinary and outstanding achievement and merit in service to
Barbados |
|
or
to humanity at large." My
grateful thanks to Gillian Applewhaite and Andrea Waithe of the Barbadian
Cabinet Office for their |
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|
assistance in providing a listing of all
Knights and Dames created to date. |
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Antigua and Barbuda |
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The
British Honours system was used in Antigua and Barbuda until 1987, when the
Most Distinguished Order of the Nation was |
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established.
The Order initially consisted of only one grade, with recipients entitled to
the post nominal letters of ON. The Order |
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was
re-established in 1998, when all existing members of the Order of the Nation
became Knights or Dames Grand Cross of the |
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re-constitued order. The Order has six classes
of members, being, in descending order, Knights/Dames Grand Collar (KGN/DGN), |
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Knights/Dames Grand Cross (KCGN/DCGN), Knight/Dame
Commander (KCN/DCN), Commander (CN), Officer (ON) and Member (MN). |
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A
separate order of chivalry, the Most Exalted Order of the National Hero, was
established in 1994. As with the Most Distinguished |
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Order of the Nation, this Order was
re-constituted in 1998, when all existing members becames Knights or Dames
Companion of the |
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revised Order (KNH/DNH).
The revised Order consists of a single class
only, and there may be no more than three living members |
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at any one time. Somewhat confusingly,
appointments as a Knight or Dame Companion may be made posthumously. It is
not my |
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|
intention to include such awards in the
relevant listings, but, for the record, these posthumous appointments
currently number three, |
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being: |
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*
King Court Tackey (also known as Prince Klaas), granted a posthumous KNH in
2000. He was a slave who, in 1736, planned a revolt |
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against
the slave-owners, but the plot was uncovered and he was executed. |
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* Georgiana Ellen (Nellie) Robinson
(1880-1972), granted a posthumous DNH in 2006. She was a teacher who afforded
local children |
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the
chance of a secondary education, which was otherwise unavailable to them at
that time. |
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* George Herbert Walter (1928-2008), granted a
posthumous KNH in 2008. He was Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda
1971-1976. |
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I have been unable to locate a complete
official listing of all knights and dames created under the two orders
outlined above. Emails |
|
to the relevant authorities in Antigua have not
elicited any responses. As a result, the listings include all of those
knights and dames |
|
of whom I am aware, but I cannot at this time
guarantee that the listings are complete. |
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St.Lucia |
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The Order of Saint Lucia was established in
1980. The highest award in this order is the Grand Cross of the Order of
Saint Lucia, which |
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is granted only to a person holding the office
of Governor General of Saint Lucia. The Grand Cross is limited to a
membership of 25 at |
|
any one time, and no more than three can be
awarded in any one year. The award does not entitle the recipient to become a
Knight |
|
or a Dame, but with the exception of Boswell
Williams (Governor General 1980-1982) all other Governors General have been
created |
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Knights or Dames of other orders. |
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In February 2016, the Queen for the first time
approved the awarding of Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of Saint
Lucia. |
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Such awards carry the post-nominal letters of KCSL/DCSL. These awards
"may be awarded to any person who has rendered |
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exceptional
and outstanding service of national importance to Saint Lucia." Membership is limited to 20 at any one
time, and no more |
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than three awards can be made every two years. |
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Surname/Title and Forenames |
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In general, I have followed the names of
knights and dames as they are shown in the various Gazettes. These entries,
however, often |
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pay no heed to the names by which the person is
commonly known - for example Sir Sean Connery's real name is Sir Thomas Sean |
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Connery. In such cases, the name is shown as
Sir (Thomas) Sean Connery and is indexed on the basis that Thomas is his
first name. |
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In
addition, where a person is commonly known by a name other than their real
name - for example Dame Clementine Laine who is |
|
known as Dame Cleo Laine - the commonly used
name is shown in parentheses after the real name. For naming systems other
than |
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those used in Western countries, and in
particular Indian and Moslem names, I have followed, rightly or wrongly, the
names shown in |
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the Gazettes. For those names (particularly in
the listings of honorary knights) that contain the nobiliary particle
"Von" I have followed |
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the practice of German alphabetical sorting,
under which, for example, Manfred von Richthofen would be found under
"Richthofen." |
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If someone in these listings later became a
peer with a title different to their family name, the knighthood is shown
under the family |
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name. The knighthood is also listed under the
peerage title, with a pointer to the family name in question. |
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All double-barrelled or hyphenated surnames are
indexed under the first element of the surname. |
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"Mac" and "Mc" are treated
as being the same and are indexed accordingly. Similarly "St." is
treated as being "Saint." |
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Date Knighted |
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In the foreword to the 1949-1950 edition of
"Knights Bachelor" published by the Imperial Society of Knights
Bachelor, Sir Gerald |
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Wollaston (Knight Principal of the Society and
a former Garter King of Arms) writes that "the inclusion of a name in an
'Honours List' |
|
as a Knight Bachelor does not make the gentleman a
Knight. It only expresses the King's intention to make him a Knight. He does not |
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become a Knight, and entitled to the prefix
"Sir," until (a) he receives the accolade from the king personally,
or from someone |
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|
specially deputed by his Majesty to confer it,
or (b) if abroad, or for any other reason unable to attend for investiture,
he receives |
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Letters Patent under the Great Seal conferring
the Degree upon him. The same principle applies to persons nominated to the
first and |
|
second Classes of the Orders of Knighthood. A
person nominated a K.C.B. in an Honours List is thereby made a member of the
Second |
|
Class of the Order of the Bath; but he is not a Knight, nor entitled to the prefix
"Sir," until he receives the accolade. My |
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|
experience is that these things are little
understood by the majority of the public." [my emphasis] |
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This situation was somewhat modified by a
notice in London Gazette dated 8 June 1965 which reads:- |
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"It
is the Queen's wish that when an announcement has been approved by the
Sovereign and has been published officially to the |
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|
effect
that the honour of Knighthood is to be conferred on a person he should
forthwith assume the distinctive appellation or prefix of |
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a Knight. |
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"Appointment as Knight Bachelor will
nevertheless require completion subsequently as heretofore by Investiture. Letters |
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patent will be used only in those exceptional
cases in which personal Investiture is impracticable [my emphasis]. |
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"Provision is being made, by her Majesty's
command, in the Statutes of the Order of the Bath, the Order of St. Michael
and St. George, |
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the Royal Victorian Order and the Order of the
British Empire so that Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander on official
publication |
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of their appointments will forthwith assume the
Knighthood prefix. The appointments will require completion subsequently by
Investiture |
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and presentation of the insignia." |
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One immediate effect of this change was the
wording used in various Gazette notices. Prior to this change, a typical
notice would read |
|
that the Queen was pleased, on such and such a
date, to confer the honour of Knighthood upon John Smith. Following this
change, the |
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wording altered to Sir John Smith. |
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For
all Orders other than Knights Bachelor, the Gazette records that a person has
been appointed to or promoted within that particular |
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Order.
Except in a very few isolated cases, the Gazette does not, however, record
any subsequent date of investiture. On the other |
|
hand, in almost every case of a Knight
Bachelor, the Gazette records both the notice of the Sovereign's intention to
confer the honour |
|
of Knighthood and the subsequent investiture. |
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My policy has therefore been, for all Orders
other than Knights Bachelor, to use the date shown in the various Gazettes as
being the |
|
date of creation of the honour. For Knights
Bachelor, I have used the date of investiture. In a small number of cases,
the date of |
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|
creation is shown in the listings in italics.
These instances are due to the following reasons :- |
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* While the Gazette includes a notice of the
intention to confer a Knighthood, I have been unable to find any subsequent
notice of |
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investiture |
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* Other works of reference (e.g. Who's Who)
show that a person was created a Knight but I have unable to find any notice
to that |
|
effect
in the Gazette. In these cases, I have simply used the year of creation shown
in that other work of reference |
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*
While the Gazette includes a notice of the intention to confer a Knighthood,
the intended recipient died before the investiture could |
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take place |
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* The notice of intention to create a
Knighthood was published so recently as to allow insufficient time for the
investiture to take |
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|
place
- for example, those knights shown in the 2015 Birthday Honours List. Such
cases will be amended to show the date of |
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investiture as it takes place. |
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If
any knight included in the listings had received his knighthood prior to the
accession of Queen Victoria in 1837 and then received a |
|
promotion after her accession, the original
knighthood is shown in the relevant knights' forenames. |
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Dates of birth and death |
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The vast majority of knights and dames who died
after 1897 are to be found in the various editions of "Who Was
Who." Before that |
|
time, the annual "Who's Who" was made
up of a series of listings such as peers, members of Parliament, high
ecclesiastical posts etc. |
|
without much in the way of biographical detail.
For those knights who died before 1897 and who are not noticed in other
publications |
|
such
as the the "Dictionary of National Biography" I have relied upon
notices of death contained in a large number of contemporary |
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newspapers. |
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Summary of abbreviations of the various Orders
of Knighthood used in these pages |
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KG/LG |
Knight/Lady of the Most Noble Order of the
Garter |
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KT/LT |
Knight/Lady of the Most Ancient and Most Noble
Order of the Thistle |
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KP |
Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of St.
Patrick |
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GCB |
Knights/Dames Grand Cross of the Most
Honourable Order of the Bath |
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KCB/DCB |
Knights/Dames Commander of the Most Honourable
Order of the Bath |
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KSI |
Knights of the Most Exalted Order of the Star
of India |
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GCSI |
Knights Grand Commander of the Most Exalted
Order of the Star of India |
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KCSI |
Knights Commander of the Most Exalted Order of
the Star of India |
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GCMG |
Knights/Dames Grand Cross of the Most
Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George |
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KCMG/DCMG |
Knights/Dames Commander of the Most
Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George |
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GCIE |
Knights Grand Commander of the Most Eminent
Order of the Indian Empire |
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KCIE |
Knights Commander of the Most Eminent Order of
the Indian Empire |
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GCVO |
Knights/Dames Grand Cross of the Royal
Victorian Order |
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KCVO/DCVO |
Knights/Dames Commander of the Royal Victorian
Order |
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GBE |
Knights/Dames Grand Cross of the Most Excellent
Order of the British Empire |
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KBE/DBE |
Knights/Dames Commander of the Most Excellent
Order of the British Empire |
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Kt Bach |
Knight Bachelor |
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AK/AD |
Knight/Dame of the Order of Australia |
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GNZM |
Knight/Dame Grand Companion of the New Zealand
Order of Merit |
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KNZM/DNZM |
Knight/Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order
of Merit |
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PCNZM |
Principal Companion of the New Zealand Order of
Merit |
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DCNZM |
Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand
Order of Merit |
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KA/DA |
Knight/Dame of St. Andrew (within the Order of
Barbados) |
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KGN/DGN |
Knights/Dames Grand Collar of the Most
Distinguished Order of the Nation (Antigua and Barbuda) |
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KGCN/DCGN |
Knights/Dames Grand Cross of the Most
Distinguished Order of the Nation (Antigua and Barbuda) |
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KCN/DCN |
Knights/Dames Commander of the Most
Distinguished Order of the Nation (Antigua and Barbuda) |
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KNH/DNH |
Knights/Dames Companion of the Most Exalted
Order of the National Hero (Antigua and Barbuda) |
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KCSL/DCSL |
Knights/Dames Commander of the Order of Saint
Lucia |
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Civ |
Civil Division of the Order of the Bath and the
Order of St. Michael and St. George |
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Mil |
Military Division of the Order of the Bath and
the Order of St. Michael and St. George |
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Centenarians (in chronological order) |
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Name |
Order and year |
Born |
Died |
Age |
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Montefiore, Moses, later
[1846] 1st baronet |
Kt Bach 1837 |
24 Oct 1784 |
28 Jul 1885 |
100 |
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Wallis, Provo William Parry |
KCB 1860 GCB 1873 |
12 Apr 1791 |
13 Feb 1892 |
100 |
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Pitman, Henry Alfred |
Kt Bach 1883 |
1 Jul 1808 |
6 Nov 1908 |
100 |
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Engleheart, John Gardner Dillman |
Kt Bach 1892 KCB 1897 |
2 Feb 1823 |
10 Apr 1923 |
100 |
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Higginson, George Wentworth
Alexander |
KCB 1889 GCB 1903 GCVO 1922 |
21 Jun 1826 |
1 Feb 1927 |
100 |
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Maclean, Fitzroy Donald,
10th baronet |
KCB 1904 |
18 May 1835 |
22 Nov 1936 |
101 |
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Mulock, William |
KCMG 1902 |
19 Jan 1843 |
1 Oct 1944 |
101 |
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Coates, William |
KCB 1930 |
14 Jun 1860 |
13 Jan 1962 |
101 |
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Mitchell, William |
KCMG 1927 |
27 Mar 1861 |
25 Jun 1962 |
101 |
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Visvesvaraya, Mokshagundam,
Diwan of Mysore 1912-1918 |
KCIE 1915 |
15 Sep 1861 |
14 Apr 1962 |
100 |
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Oliver, Henry Francis |
KCB 1916 KCMG 1918 GCB 1928 |
22 Jan 1865 |
15 Oct 1965 |
100 |
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Christophers, (Samuel) Rickard |
Kt Bach 1932 |
27 Nov 1873 |
19 Feb 1978 |
104 |
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Brittain, Henry Ernest [Harry] |
KBE 1918 |
24 Dec 1873 |
9 Jul 1974 |
100 |
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Chick, Harriette |
DBE 1949 |
6 Jan 1875 |
9 Jul 1977 |
102 |
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Couchman, Elizabeth
May Ramsay |
DBE 1960 |
19 Apr 1876 |
18 Nov 1982 |
106 |
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Mayer, Robert |
Kt Bach 1939 KCVO 1979 |
5 Jun 1879 |
9 Jan 1985 |
105 |
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Scicluna, Hannibal Publius |
Kt Bach 1955 |
15 Feb 1880 |
21 Dec 1981 |
101 |
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Schuster, George Ernest |
KCMG 1926 KCSI 1931 |
25 Apr 1881 |
5 Jun 1982 |
101 |
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Bird, Clarence August |
KCIE 1943 |
5 Feb 1885 |
30 Jul 1986 |
101 |
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Platt, Harry, later [1958]
1st baronet |
Kt Bach 1948 |
7 Oct 1886 |
20 Dec 1986 |
100 |
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Sopwith, Thomas Octave
Murdoch |
Kt Bach 1953 |
18 Jan 1888 |
27 Jan 1989 |
101 |
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Smith, (Alexander) Rowland |
Kt Bach 1944 |
25 Jan 1888 |
19 Apr 1988 |
100 |
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Howard, Walter Stewart |
Kt Bach 1963 |
25 Nov 1888 |
24 Sep 1992 |
103 |
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Dos Santos, Errol Lionel |
Kt Bach 1946 |
1 Sep 1890 |
19 Nov 1992 |
102 |
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Ffrangcon-Davies, Gwen Lucy |
DBE 1991 |
25 Jan 1891 |
27 Jan 1992 |
101 |
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Hetet, Rangimarie |
DBE 1992 |
24 May 1892 |
14 Jun 1995 |
103 |
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Sobell, Michael |
Kt Bach 1972 |
1 Nov 1892 |
31 Aug 1993 |
100 |
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Edmenson, Walter Alexander |
Kt Bach 1958 |
1892 |
6 Oct 1992 |
100 |
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Stark, Freya Madeline |
DBE 1972 |
31 Jan 1893 |
9 May 1993 |
100 |
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Barnard, (Arthur Thomas) |
Kt Bach 1958 |
28 Sep 1893 |
6 Jul 1995 |
101 |
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Christison, Alexander Frank
Philip, 4th baronet |
KBE 1944 GBE 1948 |
17 Nov 1893 |
21 Dec 1993 |
100 |
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De Valois, Ninette |
DBE 1951 |
6 Jun 1898 |
8 Mar 2001 |
102 |
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Denning, Alfred Thompson,
later [1957] Baron Denning [L] |
Kt Bach 1944 |
23 Jan 1899 |
5 Mar 1999 |
100 |
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Hugo, John Mandeville |
KCVO 1969 |
1 Jul 1899 |
21 Jul 2000 |
101 |
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Queen Elizabeth, the Queen
Mother [H.M. Elizabeth Angela
Marguerite] |
GBE 1927 LG 1936 GCVO 1937 LT 1937 |
4 Aug 1900 |
30 Mar 2002 |
101 |
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Firth, Raymond William |
Kt Bach 1973 |
25 Mar 1901 |
22 Feb 2002 |
100 |
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Thomas, Robert Evan |
Kt Bach 1967 |
8 Oct 1901 |
17 Apr 2004 |
102 |
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Gloucester, Duchess of,
H.R.H Alice Christabel |
GBE 1937 GCVO 1948 GCB 1975 |
25 Dec 1901 |
29 Oct 2004 |
102 |
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Shawcross, Hartley William,
later [1959] Baron Shawcross [L] |
Kt Bach 1945 |
4 Feb 1902 |
10 Jul 2003 |
101 |
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Crocker, Walter Russell |
KBE 1977 |
25 Mar 1902 |
14 Nov 2002 |
100 |
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Melville, Leslie Galfreid |
KBE 1957 |
26 Mar 1902 |
30 Apr 2002 |
100 |
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Henry, Trevor Ernest |
Kt Bach 1970 |
9 May 1902 |
20 Jun 2007 |
105 |
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Smieton, Mary Guillan |
DBE 1949 |
5 Dec 1902 |
23 Jan 2005 |
102 |
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Fisher, George Read |
Kt Bach 1968 |
23 Mar 1903 |
13 Jul 2007 |
104 |
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Farquharson, James Robbie |
KBE 1960 |
1 Nov 1903 |
17 Feb 2005 |
101 |
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Marshall, Arthur Gregory
George |
Kt Bach 1974 |
4 Dec 1903 |
16 Mar 2007 |
103 |
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Peel, John Harold |
KCVO 1960 |
10 Dec 1904 |
31 Dec 2005 |
101 |
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Richardson, (John) Eric |
Kt Bach 1967 |
30 Jun 1905 |
20 Jul 2006 |
101 |
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Chilton, Frederick Oliver |
Kt Bach 1969 |
23 Jul 1905 |
1 Oct 2007 |
102 |
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Walling, Sydney |
KNH 2004 |
12 Jul 1907 |
8 Oct 2009 |
102 |
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Shaw, Run Run |
Kt Bach 1978 |
Nov 1907 |
7 Jan 2014 |
106 |
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Biggs, Norman Parris |
Kt Bach 1977 |
23 Dec 1907 |
25 Jul 2011 |
103 |
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Godber, George Edward |
KCB 1962 GCB 1971 |
4 Aug 1908 |
7 Feb 2009 |
100 |
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Murdoch, Elisabeth Joy |
DBE 1963 |
8 Feb 1909 |
5 Dec 2012 |
103 |
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Winton, Nicholas George |
Kt Bach 2003 |
19 May 1909 |
1 Jul 2015 |
106 |
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Keppel, Diana Cicely,
Countess of Albemarle [2nd wife of the 9th Earl of Albemarle] |
DBE 1956 |
6 Aug 1909 |
6 May 2013 |
103 |
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Warner, Frederick Edward |
Kt Bach 1968 |
31 Mar 1910 |
3 Jul 2010 |
100 |
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Mahon, (John) Denis |
Kt Bach 1986 |
8 Nov 1910 |
24 Apr 2011 |
100 |
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Glenn, (Joseph Robert) Archibald |
Kt Bach 1966 |
24 May 1911 |
4 Jan 2012 |
100 |
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Jones, Keith Stephen |
Kt Bach 1980 |
7 Jul 1911 |
2 Mar 2012 |
100 |
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Hovell-Thurlow-Cumming-Bruce,
Francis Edward, later [1971] 8th
Baron Thurlow |
KCMG 1960 |
9 Mar 1912 |
24 Mar 2013 |
101 |
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Ollerenshaw, Kathleen Mary |
DBE 1971 |
1 Oct 1912 |
10 Aug 2014 |
101 |
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Kettlewell, Marion Mildred |
DBE 1970 |
20 Feb 1914 |
11 Apr 2016 |
102 |
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Dangoor, Naim Eliahou |
Kt Bach 2015 |
Apr 1914 |
19 Nov 2015 |
101 |
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Pearson, Thomas Cecil Hook |
KCB 1967 |
1 Jul 1914 |
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Dawtry, Alan Graham |
Kt Bach 1974 |
8 Apr 1915 |
27 Jan 2018 |
102 |
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Burston, Samuel Gerald Wood |
Kt Bach 1977 |
24 Apr 1915 |
14 Jul 2015 |
100 |
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Hill, Felicity Barbara |
DBE 1966 |
12 Dec 1915 |
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Henderson [Kelleher from 1970], Joan Evelyn |
DBE 1965 |
24 Dec 1915 |
23 Sep 2018 |
102 |
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Heron, Conrad Frederick |
KCB 1974 |
21 Feb 1916 |
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De Havilland, Olivia Mary |
DBE 2017 |
1 Jul 1916 |
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Haskard, Cosmo Dugal
Patrick Thomas |
KCMG 1965 |
25 Nov 1916 |
21 Feb 2017 |
100 |
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Lynn, Vera Margaret |
DBE 1975 |
20 Mar 1917 |
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Hewitt, (Cyrus) Lenox Simson |
Kt Bach 1971 |
7 May 1917 |
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Knowles, Durward Randolph |
Kt Bach 1996 |
2 Nov 1917 |
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Chung, Sze-yuen |
Kt Bach 1978 GBE 1988 |
3 Nov 1917 |
14 Nov 2018 |
101 |
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Geering, Lloyd George |
GNZM 2009 |
26 Feb 1918 |
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