PEERAGES
Last updated 05/11/2018 (26 Jul 2023)
Date	Rank	Order	Name	Born	Died	Age
YARBOROUGH
13 Aug 1794	B	1	Charles Anderson-Pelham Created Baron Yarborough 13 Aug 1794 MP for Beverley 1768‑1774 and Lincolnshire 1774‑1794	3 Feb 1749	22 Sep 1823	74
22 Sep 1823	E	2 1	Charles Anderson-Pelham Created Baron Worsley and Earl of Yarborough 30 Jan 1837 MP for Great Grimsby 1803‑1807 and Lincolnshire 1807‑1823	8 Aug 1781	5 Sep 1846	65
5 Sep 1846		2	Charles Anderson Worsley Anderson‑Pelham MP for Newtown 1830‑1831, Lincolnshire 1831‑1832 and Lincolnshire North 1832‑1846; Lord Lieutenant Lincolnshire 1857‑1862	12 Apr 1809	7 Jan 1862	52
7 Jan 1862		3	Charles Anderson-Pelham MP for Great Grimsby 1857‑1862	14 Jan 1835	6 Feb 1875	40
6 Feb 1875		4	Charles Alfred Worsley Anderson‑Pelham Lord Lieutenant Lincolnshire 1921‑1936; PC 1890; KG 1935	11 Jun 1859	12 Jul 1936	77
12 Jul 1936		5	Sackville George Pelham He had previously [1926] succeeded as 14th Lord Conyers	17 Dec 1888	7 Feb 1948	59
7 Feb 1948		6	Marcus Herbert Pelham	30 Jun 1893	2 Dec 1966	73
2 Dec 1966		7	John Edward Pelham	2 Jun 1920	21 Mar 1991	70
21 Mar 1991		8	Charles John Pelham	5 Nov 1963
YARMOUTH
19 Aug 1673 30 Jul 1679	V E	1 1	Sir Robert Paston, 2nd baronet Created Baron Paston and Viscount Yarmouth 19 Aug 1673 and Earl of Yarmouth 30 Jul 1679 MP for Thetford 1660 and Castle Rising 1661‑1673; Lord Lieutenant Norfolk 1676‑1683	29 May 1631	8 Mar 1683	51
8 Mar 1683 to     25 Dec 1732		2	William Paston MP for Norwich 1678‑1683; Lord Lieutenant Wiltshire 1688‑1689 Peerages extinct on his death	1654	25 Dec 1732	78
24 Mar 1740 to     20 Oct 1765	E[L]		Amelia Sophia de Walmoden Created Baroness Yarmouth and Countess of Yarmouth for life 24 Mar 1740 Peerages extinct on her death	1 Apr 1704	20 Oct 1765	61
YELVERTON
15 Jun 1795	B[I]	1	Barry Yelverton Created Baron Yelverton 15 Jun 1795 and Viscount Avonmore 29 Dec 1800 See "Avonmore"	28 May 1736	19 Aug 1805	69
YORK
1138 to     20 Aug 1179	E	1	William d'Aumale Created Earl of Yorkshire 1138 On his death the peerage reverted to the Crown		20 Aug 1179
1190 to     1196	E	1	Otho of Saxony He surrendered the peerage in 1196		19 May 1218
6 Aug 1385	D	1	Edmund Plantagenet Created Duke of York 6 Aug 1385 Fifth son of Edward III. KG 1361	5 Jun 1341	1 Aug 1402	61
1 Aug 1402 to     25 Oct 1415		2	Edward Plantagenet, 1st Earl of Cork KG 1387 On his death the next heir was under attainder and the peerage was therefore forfeited	1373	25 Oct 1415	42
1426		3	Richard Plantagenet Restored to the peerage 1426 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1447‑1453 and 1457‑1459; KG 1433	21 Sep 1411	30 Dec 1460	49
30 Dec 1460 to     1461		4	Edward Plantagenet He succeeded to the throne as Edward IV in 1461 when the peerage merged with the Crown	28 Apr 1442	9 Apr 1483	40
28 May 1474 to     23 Jun 1483	D	1	Richard Plantagenet Created Duke of York 28 May 1474 Second son of Edward IV; KG 1475 Peerage extinct on his death	17 Aug 1473	23 Jun 1483	9
31 Oct 1494 to     1504	D	1	Henry Tudor Created Duke of York 28 May 1474 Second son of Henry VII; KG 1495 He became Prince of Wales in 1504 when the peerage reverted to the Crown	28 Jun 1491	28 Jan 1547	55
6 Jan 1605 to     1625	D	1	Charles Stuart Created Duke of York 6 Jan 1605 Third son of James I (and VI of Scotland) He succeeded to the throne as Charles I in 1625 when the peerage merged with the Crown	19 Nov 1600	30 Jan 1649	48
27 Jan 1644 to     1685	D	1	James Stuart Created Duke of York 27 Jan 1644, Earl of Ulster 10 May 1659 and Duke of Albany 31 Dec 1660 Third son of Charles I; Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1660‑1673; KG 1642 He succeeded to the throne as James II (and VII of Scotland) in 1685 when the peerage merged with the Crown	14 Oct 1633	6 Sep 1701	67
5 Jul 1716 to     14 Aug 1728	D	1	Ernest Augustus Created Earl of Ulster and Duke of York and Albany 5 Jul 1716 Brother of George I; KG 1717 Peerages extinct on his death	7 Sep 1674	14 Aug 1728	53
1 Apr 1760 to     17 Sep 1767	D	1	Edward Augustus Created Earl of Ulster and Duke of York and Albany 1 Apr 1760 Brother of George III; KG 1752; PC 1760 Peerages extinct on his death	14 Mar 1739	17 Sep 1767	28
29 Nov 1784 to     5 Jan 1827	D	1	Frederick Augustus Created Earl of Ulster and Duke of York and Albany 29 Nov 1784 Second son of George III; KG 1771; PC 1787 Peerages extinct on his death For information on his some-time mistress, see the note at the foot of this page	16 Aug 1763	5 Jan 1827	63
24 May 1892 to     6 May 1910	D	1	HRH George Frederick Ernest Albert Created Baron Killarney, Earl of Inverness and Duke of York 24 May 1892 Second son of Edward VII; KG 1884; KT 1893; KP 1897 He succeeded to the throne as George V in 1910 when the peerages merged with the Crown	3 Jun 1865	20 Jan 1936	70
3 Jun 1920 to     11 Dec 1936	D	1	HRH Albert Frederick Arthur George Created Baron Killarney, Earl of Inverness and Duke of York 3 Jun 1920 Second son of George V; PC 1925; KG 1916; KT 1923 He succeeded to the throne as George VI on 11 Dec 1936 when the peerages merged with the Crown	14 Dec 1895	6 Feb 1952	56
23 Jul 1986	D	1	Andrew Albert Christian Edward Created Baron Killyleagh, Earl of Inverness and Duke of York 23 Jul 1986 Second son of Elizabeth II; KG 2006	19 Feb 1960
YOUNG
24 May 1971 to     6 Sep 2002	B[L]		Janet Mary Young Created Baroness Young for life 24 May 1971 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1981‑1982; Lord Privy Seal 1982‑1983; PC 1981 Peerage extinct on her death	23 Oct 1926	6 Sep 2002	75
YOUNG OF COOKHAM
29 Sep 2015	B[L]		Sir George Samuel Knatchbull Young, 6th baronet Created Baron Young of Cookham for life 29 Sep 2015 MP for Acton 1974‑1983, Ealing Acton 1983‑1997 and Hampshire North West 1997‑2015; Financial Secretary to the Treasury 1994‑1995; Secretary of State for Transport 1995‑1997. Lord Privy Seal 2010‑2012. Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury (Chief Whip) 2012‑2014; PC 1993; CH 2012	16 Jul 1941
YOUNG OF DARTINGTON
20 Mar 1978 to     14 Jan 2002	B[L]		Michael Young Created Baron Young of Dartington for life 20 Mar 1978 Peerage extinct on his death	9 Aug 1915	14 Jan 2002	86
YOUNG OF GRAFFHAM
10 Oct 1984	B[L]		David Ivor Young Created Baron Young of Graffham for life 10 Oct 1984 Minister without Portfolio 1984‑1985; Secretary of State for Employment 1985‑1987; Secretary of State for Trade and Industry 1987‑1989; PC 1984; CH 2015 Peerage extinct on his death	27 Feb 1932	8 Dec 2022	90
YOUNG OF HORNSEY
22 Jun 2004	B[L]		Margaret Omolola Young Created Baroness Young of Hornsey for life 22 Jun 2004	1 Jun 1951
YOUNG OF NORWOOD GREEN
25 Jun 2004	B[L]		Sir Anthony Ian Young Created Baron Young of Norwood Green for life 25 Jun 2004	16 Apr 1942
YOUNG OF OLD SCONE
4 Nov 1997	B[L]		Barbara Scott Young Created Baroness Young of Old Scone for life 4 Nov 1997	8 Apr 1948
YOUNG OF OLD WINDSOR
13 Jun 2023	B[L]		Edward Young Created Baron Young of Old Windsor for life 13 Jun 2023	24 Oct 1966
YOUNGER OF LECKIE
20 Feb 1923	V	1	Sir George Younger, 1st baronet Created Viscount Younger of Leckie 20 Feb 1923 MP for Ayr Burghs 1906‑1922; Lord Lieutenant Stirling 1926‑1929	13 Oct 1851	29 Apr 1929	77
29 Apr 1929		2	James Younger	19 May 1880	4 Dec 1946	66
4 Dec 1946		3	Edward George Younger Lord Lieutenant Stirling 1964‑1975 and Stirling & Falkirk 1975‑1979	21 Nov 1906	25 Jun 1997	90
25 Jun 1997		4	George Kenneth Hotson Younger See below	22 Sep 1931	26 Jan 2003	71
26 Jan 2003		5	James Edward George Younger [Elected hereditary peer 2010-]	11 Nov 1955
YOUNGER OF PRESTWICK
7 Jul 1992 to     26 Jan 2003	B[L]		George Kenneth Hotson Younger Created Baron Younger of Prestwick for life 7 Jul 1992 MP for Ayr 1964‑1992; Minister of State, Defence 1974; Secretary of State for Scotland 1979‑1986; Secretary of State for Defence 1986‑1989; PC 1979; KT 1995 He succeeded to the Viscountcy of Younger of Leckie in 1997 Life peerage extinct on his death	22 Sep 1931	26 Jan 2003	71
YPRES
5 Jun 1922	E	1	Sir John Denton Pinkstone French Created Viscount French 1 Jan 1916 and Earl of Ypres 5 Jun 1922 Field Marshal 1913; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1918‑1921; OM 1914; KP 1917; PC 1918; PC [I] 1918	28 Sep 1852	22 May 1925	72
22 May 1925		2	John Richard Lowndes French	6 Jul 1881	5 Apr 1958	76
5 Apr 1958 to     4 Mar 1988		3	John Richard Charles Lambart French Peerage extinct on his death	30 Dec 1921	4 Mar 1988	66
YSTWYTH
18 Jan 1921 to     21 Aug 1935	B	1	Matthew Lewis Vaughan-Davies Created Baron Ystwyth 18 Jan 1921 MP for Cardiganshire 1895-1920 Peerage extinct on his death	17 Dec 1840	21 Aug 1935	94

	Mary Anne Clarke (3 April 1776‑21 June 1852), mistress of the Duke of York and Albany (creation of 1784)
	The following biography of Mary Anne Clarke appeared in the January 1967 issue of the Australian monthly magazine Parade:-
	The fascinating Mary Anne Clarke of London was not really a courtesan. She could be more aptly described as a daughter of joy on the grand scale, whose immorality in love was matched only by her immorality in commerce. Many men helped Mary Anne on her way to notoriety - men like Sir James Brudenell, Sir Charles Milner and Lord Folkestone. But it was His Royal Highness, Prince Frederick Augustus, Duke of York, second son of King George III and commander of the British Army, who really brought her to the pinnacle of fame.
	Mary Anne made a fortune as mistress of the commander-in-chief by selling army commissions at cut rates. When the duke grew tired of her she gained another £7000 and a £400 annuity by threatening to publish her lurid memoirs. Persuaded finally to leave England, the 40-year-old Mary Anne voyaged to the Continent, where her still amazing beauty captivated an English marquis. Yet even while fulfilling the role of the marquis's mistress, the insatiable Mary Anne set up a network of other liaisons and continued them until she was well advanced in years.
	Mary Anne was born in Chancery Lane in 1776. Her father died when she was a baby and her destitute mother married a compositor. By the time she was 12 the son of her step-father's employer had fallen in love with her. He saw to it that she attended a school which gave her at least a facade of respectability. But little of her education came from textbooks. The proof of this irregular tuition was the two illegitimate children she had mothered by the time she was 17.
	At 18 she married Joseph Clarke, the son of a prosperous builder, and co-suspect with the printer's son for the role of father of her children. Mary Anne did not let her marriage or the birth of subsequent children interfere with her amorous adventures. Beginning with men of humble birth, she worked up the scale until personages like Sir James Brudenell and Sir Charles Milner vied for her favours.
	In 1803 she was in Blackheath when, it is believed, the Duke of York saw her walking by and insisted on meeting her. She soon put his amorous advances on a commercial basis. It was agreed she would become his mistress on payment of £20 a week and a retiring annuity of £400. Physically the big and awkward duke was quite unlike his elder brother the Prince of Wales, later King George IV. But like his brother the duke was a gambler, spendthrift and heavy drinker.
	At the time he met Mary Anne his marriage to his [P]Russian wife had completely broken down although, to avoid scandal, they continued under the same roof. Thus, assuming he remained moderately discreet, the duke's taking of a mistress was unlikely to create any domestic upheaval.
	Mary Anne was no sooner under the duke's patronage than she launched into an orgy of spending. Establishing herself at No. 18 Gloucester Place, she bought the Duc de Berri's silver plate and spent £2000 on kitchen furniture alone. She also invested in several carriages and about 20 servants. Later, because the Duke of York often spent week-ends at his estate, Oatlands Park, he bought his mistress another house at Weybridge so she could be near him seven days a week. Yet somehow Mary Anne found time to cultivate other lovers who, if they were less wealthy than the duke, were far more entertaining. Among these lovers were Lord Folkestone, Colonel Gwyllym Wardle and Captain Gronow.
	It was the affair with Wardle that brought to light another of Mary Anne's sidelines - the sale of army commissions. One day while Wardle was paying Mary Anne a clandestine visit, the duke's coach pulled up outside the house. Wardle dived under a sofa. But the visitor was not the duke. It was an aide who had certain matters to discuss with his master's mistress. The conversation, overhead by Wardle, convinced the colonel that both Mrs. Clarke and the duke were selling army commissions and promotions.
	Towards the end of 1806 the Duke of York transferred his affections to a Mrs. Cary, who lived at Fulham, and put Mary Anne on her £400 retiring annuity. But these payments did not go on for long. At that time the duke probably could not afford the £8 a week, for his creditors were after him for debts totalling more than £100,000.
	On January 27, 1809, Colonel Wardle, now a member of the Opposition in the House of House of Commons [as member for Okehampton], electrified the House by revealing not only details of the Duke of York's love life but of the commission-selling business operated by his former mistress. To the shocked Commons, Wardle outlined the case of Captain Tonyon, who in 1804 had been promoted major after contacting Mrs. Clarke. Wardle said the major paid Mrs. Clarke £500. He also mentioned the case of Colonel French, who through Mary Anne's influence had been appointed by the duke to conduct a recruiting campaign. Wardle alleged that Mrs. Clarke's cut was a guinea from the bounty the colonel was paid for each man he recruited. The duke's former mistress also retained the right to sell a number of commissions herself.
	Actually it was not illegal in those days to sell commissions. The offence lay in selling them through channels which did not ensure that the money was paid into soldiers' provident funds. Upon these allegations the government set up a committee to ascertain if the commander-in-chief was involved. Mary Anne attended the inquiry each day dressed in the height of fashion. Hundreds packed the streets to catch a glimpse of her. In evidence she happily admitted what she had done and even showed the court a list of her charges. According to the list an applicant could win a major's rank for £900. Other charges were £700 for a captain, £400 for a lieutenant and £200 for an ensign. These charges were a cut of almost 75 per cent on the regular cost of commissions.
	It also came out in evidence that Mary Anne had made such a business of selling commissions that she had established an office in the heart of the city, and even rewarded one of her footmen's good services by giving him a commission. After this evidence, counsel assisting the inquiry delved into her love life. Mary Anne was not so happy under this questioning as when interrogated about her commission deals. She reluctantly admitted she had spent a night with a Mr. Dowler as his wife. She also agreed that she had entertained Colonel Wardle three times in one day. When the chairman asked her: "Madam, under whose protection are you now?" she replied: "I believe I am under yours". Later, when asked to repeat a conversation she had had in the lobby with a witness, she replied: "I cannot tell you for it was too indelicate". As to her sales of privileges, she admitted using her influence with the duke to have the Rev. Dr. O'Meara appointed a bishop. She added that the bishop was not popular with the king for he objected to the O before his name.
	Finally, by a vote of 278 to 196, the House absolved the Duke of York from complicity in the commission racket. Then several months after the inquiry had ended, much evidence that had not been put before it was aired in public. It began when a firm of furniture suppliers sued Colonel Wardle for the cost of furniture supplied to a fashionable house in Sloane Square. According to Mary Anne's evidence at the court hearing, Wardle had promised to furnish the house for her as a reward for implicating the Duke of York in the army commission case. She said Wardle had asked her many times to support the charges against the duke. Then she said: "If anyone believes I would go to all that trouble from purely patriotic zeal he must be the most innocent man who ever lived". Finally the court found against Wardle and he was ordered to pay costs totalling almost £2000. The day after the finding, Wardle published in several newspapers a public notice declaring "Before God and my country, the verdict against me was obtained by perjury".
	In 1810, with her capital diminishing rapidly, Mary Anne wrote her memoirs. When she showed the manuscript to the novelist John Galt he told her it was too lurid for publication. Undaunted, Mary Anne hawked the work from printer to printer until she found one willing. Quickly 10,000 copies were prepared for sale. But before they could be put on the market Sir Herbert Taylor, who was acting for the Prince Regent, the Duke of York's elder brother, called on Mary Anne. Taylor had a proposition. Would Mrs. Clarke forget about publishing the memoirs for a down payment of £7000 and an annuity of £400? The lawyer added that before the settlement terms could be completed the manuscript must be delivered to him and the 10,000 copies already printed must be burned. Mary Anne happily accepted every condition. And for three days Londoners in the vicinity of Salisbury Square found themselves breathing large quantities of smoke. Only Frederick Augustus, Duke of York, found delight in the fumes as 10,000 copies of Mary Anne Clarke's Life and Adventures went up.
	Just three years later Mary Anne was sentenced to a month's gaol for having libelled the Right Honourable William Fitzgerald. In 1816, with money again running low, she contacted the Duke of York and threatened to publish his letters to her. Again the Duke's elder brother bought her silence. After that she moved to the Continent where a marquis became the chief of her many lovers. She finally settled in Paris, where she died in 1852. She was 76.

	Copyright © 2003-2018 Leigh Rayment
	Copyright © 2020-2024 Helen Belcher OBE